Geochemistry. Группа авторов

      153  153

      154  154

      155  155

      156  156

      157  157

      158  158

      159  159

      160  160

      161  161

      162  162

      163  163

      164  164

      165  165

      166  166

      167  167

      168  168

      169  169

      170  170

      171  171

      172  172

      173  173

      174  174

      175  175

      176 176

      177  177

      178  178

      179  179

      180 180

      181 181

      182  182

       Scrivener Publishing

      100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J

      Beverly, MA 01915-6106

       Publishers at Scrivener

      Martin Scrivener ([email protected])

      Phillip Carmical ([email protected])

      Geochemistry

      Concepts and Applications

      Edited by

      Inamuddin, Mohd Imran Ahamed

      Rajender Boddula

      and

      Tariq Altalhi

      This edition first published 2021 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA and Scrivener Publishing LLC, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J, Beverly, MA 01915, USA

      © 2021 Scrivener Publishing LLC

      For more information about Scrivener publications please visit www.scrivenerpublishing.com.

      All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

       Wiley Global Headquarters

      111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA

      For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com.

       Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty

      While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchant-ability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials, or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read.

       Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      ISBN 978-1-119-70997-8

      Cover image: Pixabay.Com

      Cover design by Russell Richardson

      Set in size of 11pt and Minion Pro by Manila Typesetting Company, Makati, Philippines

      Printed in the USA

      10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

      Preface

      Geochemistry is a branch of earth science. Since it is a field of study that uses the tools and principles of chemistry to explain the mechanisms in geologic environments, it often focuses on determining processes that control the abundance and composition of minerals and their distribution in the earth’s crust. Geochemistry also plays a vital role in environmental soil and water systems in identifying and modulating environmental problems, and in studying the composition, structure and processes of the earth. Therefore, this book helps in understanding the chemical composition of the earth and its applications. Since it explores the basic principles, concepts and applications of geochemistry and discusses its beneficial effects, bottlenecks, solutions, and future directions, it will be a very helpful reference source for undergraduate and postgraduate students, geochemists, environmentalists, chemists, researchers, engineers, R&D professionals, and faculties who are working in the fields of earth science, environmental chemistry and industrial technologies among others. In addition to case studies, topics such as chemical weathering, impacts on living beings and water, geochemical cycles, oxidation and redox reactions in geochemistry, isotopes, analytical techniques, medicinal, inorganic, marine, atmospheric, and environmental applications are presented. The information contained in the chapters summarized below was written by experts in the field from around the world, making it a unique archival reference guide.

      Chapter 1 discusses the nature and