Home Gardener's Annuals. Miranda Smith

0.03 m³ 1 cubic yard 0.77 m³

       Common Lumber Equivalents

      Sizes: Metric cross sections are so close to their U.S. sizes, as noted below, that for most purposes they may be considered equivalents.

Dimensional	1 x 2	19 x 38 mm
lumber	1 x 4	19 x 89 mm
	2 x 2	38 x 38 mm
	2 x 4	38 x 89 mm
	2 x 6	38 x 140 mm
	2 x 8	38 x 184 mm
	2 x 10	38 x 235 mm
	2 x 12	38 x 286 mm
Sheet	4 x 8 ft.	1200 x 2400 mm
sizes	4 x 10 ft.	1200 x 3000 mm
Sheet	¼ in.	6 mm
thicknesses	⅜ in.	9 mm
	½ in.	12 mm
	¾ in.	19 mm
Stud/joist	16 in. o.c.	400 mm o.c.
spacing	24 in. o.c.	600 mm o.c.
Capacity
1 fluid ounce		29.57 mL
1 pint		473.18 mL
1 quart		1.14 L
1 gallon		3.79 L
Weight
1 ounce		28.35g
1 pound		0.45kg

      Temperature

      Celsius = Fahrenheit − 32 x ⁵/₉

      Fahrenheit = Celsius x 1.8 + 32

       Safety First

      All projects and procedures in this book have been reviewed for safety; still it is not possible to overstate the importance of working carefully. What follows are reminders for plant care and project safety. Always use common sense.

      ■ Always use caution, care, and good judgment when following the procedures in this book.

      ■ Always determine locations of underground utility lines before you dig, and then avoid them by a safe distance. Buried lines may be for gas, electricity, communications, or water. Contact local utility companies who will help you map their lines.

      ■ Always read and heed tool manufacturer instructions.

      ■ Always ensure that the electrical setup is safe; be sure that no circuit is overloaded and that all power tools and electrical outlets are properly grounded and protected by a ground-fault circuit interrupter (GCFI). Do not use power tools in wet locations.

      ■ Always wear eye protection when using chemicals, sawing wood, pruning trees and shrubs, using power tools, and striking metal onto metal or concrete.

      ■ Always consider nontoxic and least toxic methods of addressing unwanted plants, plant pests, and plant diseases before resorting to toxic methods. Follow package application and safety instructions carefully.

      ■ Always read labels on chemicals, solvents, and other products; provide ventilation; heed warnings.

      ■ Always wear a hard hat when working in situations with potential for injury from falling tree limbs.

      ■ Always wear appropriate gloves in situations in which your hands could be injured by rough surfaces, sharp edges, thorns, or poisonous plants.

      ■ Always protect yourself against ticks, which can carry Lyme disease. Wear light-colored, long-sleeved shirts and pants. Inspect yourself for ticks after every session in the garden.

      ■ Always wear a disposable face mask or a special filtering respirator when creating sawdust or working with toxic gardening substances.

      ■ Always keep your hands and other body parts away from the business end of blades, cutters, and bits.

      ■ Always obtain approval from local building officials before undertaking construction of permanent structures.

      ■ Never employ herbicides, pesticides, or toxic chemicals unless you have determined with certainty that they were developed for the specific problem you hope to remedy.

      ■ Never allow bystanders to approach work areas where they might by injured by workers or work-site hazards. Make sure all work sites are well marked.

      ■ Never work with power tools when you are tired, or under the influence of alcohol or drugs.

      ■ Never carry sharp or pointed tools, such as knives or saws, in your pocket.