Tourism and Earthquakes. Группа авторов

Post-Earthquake

       Daniel Wright

       11 Conclusion: Earthquakes and Tourism – An Emerging Research Agenda

       Girish Prayag and C. Michael Hall

      Tables, Figures, Plates

       Tables

       1.1 Top 10 costliest world earthquakes and tsunamis by insured losses, 1980–2001

       1.2 Major focus of chapters in relation to stages of disaster management cycle

       2.1 Socioeconomic characteristics of respondents

       2.2 Provisional timeframes of a fault earthquake in the Etna area

       2.3 Level of threat due to earthquake

       2.4 Earthquake risk: Sources of information

       2.5 Community preparedness initiatives

       2.6 Respondent perception of preparedness with respect to a seismic event

       2.7 Perceptions of community belonging

       2.8 Preparation acts for business resilience

       4.1 Number of foreign visitors to Indonesia and Bali, 1969–2018

       4.2 Number of rooms in classified hotels, non-classified hotels and other accommodation in the southern coastal region of Bali

       7.1 Kumamoto Earthquake (earthquakes recorded stronger than M 5.0) between 14 April and 31 August 2016

       7.2 Earthquake frequency by magnitudes (14 April 2016–30 June 2017)

       8.1 Core business of respondents

       8.2 The recovery period of business entities after the Jogjakarta Earthquake

       10.1 Ghost tourism cities

       10.2 Research participants: Local community members

       10.3 Research participants: Tourists

       Figures

       1.1 System dimensions of tourism in earthquake affected destinations

       2.1 Fault earthquake risk: Perception of preparedness

       2.2 Discussion on earthquake preparedness

       2.3 Opinion regarding consequences of fault earthquake

       2.4 Opinion regarding consequences of fault earthquake

       7.1 Kumamoto Earthquake epicentres and surrounding area

       8.1 The most widely perceived business difficulties after the earthquake

       Plates

       4.1 Hotel displaying tsunami evacuation signage at Sanur Beach, 2017

       4.2 Temporary Tsunami Evacuation Centre in Serangan Village

       7.1 Aso Farmland accommodation poster at the entrance to Aso Farmland complex

      Contributors

      Alberto Amore, School of Business, Law and Communications, Southampton Solent University, UK.

      Premangshu Chakrabarty, Department of Geography, Visva-Bharati, India.

      Subhajit Das, Department of Geography, Presidency University, India.

      C. Michael Hall, Department of Management, Marketing and Entrepreneurship, University of Canterbury, New Zealand; Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, Finland; School of Business and Economics, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden; Department of Service Management and Service Studies, Lund University, Helsingborg, Sweden.

      Atsuko Hashimoto, Department of Geography and Tourism Studies, Brock University, Canada.

      Jon C. Lovett, School of Geography, University of Leeds, UK.

      Andri N.R. Mardiah, School of Geography, University of Leeds, UK; The Ministry of National Development Planning (BAPPENAS), Indonesia.

      Barbara Martini, Department of Economics and Finance, University of Rome, Italy.

      Nigel D. Morpeth, Culture Place Policy Institute, University of Hull, UK.

      Lucie Ozanne, Department of Management, Marketing and Entrepreneurship, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.

      Marco Platania, Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Italy.

      Girish Prayag, Department of Management, Marketing and Entrepreneurship, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.

      I Nengah Subadra, Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Triatma Jaya / Tourism Institute of Triatma Jaya, Jalan Kubu Gunung, Banjar Tegal Jaya, Kelurahan Dalung, Kecamatan Kuta Utara, Kabupaten, Bali, Indonesia.

      David J. Telfer, Department of Geography and Tourism Studies, Brock University, Canada.

      Daniel Wright, University of Central Lancashire, UK.

      Shupin (Echo) Fang, Department of Management, Marketing and Entrepreneurship, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.

      Acknowledgements

      Writing a book on the relationships between earthquakes and tourism after having experienced their impacts directly – in the cases of the Christchurch earthquake sequence and the Kaikoura earthquakes – is a strange experience. On the one hand there is an attempt to retain a sense of distance and detachment which is integral to much academic writing and research. Indeed, having that personal perspective arguably makes one’s understanding of the relationships between earthquakes and their effects on destinations and the wider tourism system all the stronger. On the other, it is extremely personal, arousing both memories of the effects of the earthquake events but also one’s direct feelings concerning recovery and rebuild, the actions of government and political and economic interests and the way in which lives and places have been interrupted and set on new trajectories, not all of which are for the better. As we have recognised elsewhere, these are feelings that arguably only researchers who have been through such events understand. Nevertheless, they provide an important reality for conducting research on disasters and tourism, and earthquakes in particular.

      Having lived and worked through a number of disasters ranging from the Christchurch earthquake sequence to Brexit, Michael would like to thank a number of colleagues with whom he has undertaken related conversations and research on a range of disasters over the years. In particular, thanks go to Bailey Adie, Alberto Amore, Dorothee Bohn Chris Chen, Tim Coles, Hervé Corvellec, David Duval, Martin Gren, Stefan Gössling, Johan Hultman, Dieter Müller, Paul Peeters, Yael Ram, Anna Laura Raschke, Jarkko Saarinen, Dan Scott, Anna Dóra Sæþórsdóttir, Allan Williams, Kimberley Wood and Maria José Zapata-Campos for their thoughts, as well as for the stimulation of Agnes Obel, Ann Brun, Beirut, Paul Buchanan, Nick Cave, Bruce Cockburn, Elvis Costello, Stephen Cummings, David Bowie, Ebba Fosberg, Mark Hollis, Margaret Glaspy, Aimee Mann, Larkin Poe, Vinnie Reilly, Henry Rollins, Matthew Sweet, Henry Wagon and The Guardian, BBC6, JJ, and KCRW – for making the world much less confining. Special mention must also be given to the Malmö Saluhall; Balck, Packhus and Postgarten in Kalmar; and Nicole Aignier and the Hotel Grüner