Wiley Practitioner's Guide to GAAS 2020. Joanne M. Flood

sample. Use of such worksheets is fairly common in auditing practice. However, it is important to recognize that the auditor may use a different amount in evaluating whether the financial statements are materially misstated than was used in planning the audit. Qualitative considerations may cause the auditor to consider smaller detected misstatements to be material. Also, for misstatements that have an effect only on the balance sheet or that affect only classification within a financial statement, an amount may have to be larger to be considered material.

      Documentation Requirements

      The auditor should document the following:

       The benchmark below which misstatements are considered clearly trivial

       All misstatements, indicating corrected or uncorrected, accumulated during the audit

       The auditor’s conclusion as to whether uncorrected misstatements, individually or in the aggregate, do or do not cause the financial statements to be materially misstated and the basis of that conclusion

      (AU-C 450.12)

      The auditor should create a summary of uncorrected misstatements, other than those that are trivial, related to misstatements; this summary should be documented in a way that allows the auditor to consider:

       The aggregate effect of uncorrected misstatements on the financial statements,

       The evaluation of whether materiality levels have been exceeded, and

       The effect of uncorrected misstatements on ratios, trends, and legal, regulatory, and contractual segments.

      (AU-C 450.A28)

15 AU-C 500 Audit Evidence

       Scope

       Definitions of Terms

       Objective of AU-C Section 500

       Requirements

       General Guides to the Reliability of Evidence

       Using a Management’s Specialist’s Information

       Inconsistency or Doubts about Reliability of Evidence

       General Guides to Sufficiency of Evidence

       Audit Procedures for Obtaining Audit Evidence

       Interpretations

       The Effect of an Inability to Obtain Evidential Matter Relating to Income Tax Accruals

       Auditor of Participating Employer in a Governmental Cost-Sharing Multiple-Employer Pension Plan

       Auditor of Participating Employer in a Governmental Agent Multiple-Employer Pension Plan

      SCOPE

      AU-C 500 provides auditors with the basic guidance on what constitutes audit evidence and the procedures to obtain it. The other topics in the 500 section of the clarified auditing standards give in-depth information on specific areas, sampling, opening balances, accounting estimates, related parties, subsequent events, and analytical procedures.

      DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

      Source: AU-C 500.05. For definitions related to this standard, see Appendix A, “Definitions of Terms”: Accounting records, Appropriateness (of audit evidence), Audit evidence, Management’s specialist, Sufficiency (of audit evidence)

      OBJECTIVE OF AU-C SECTION 500

      The objective of the auditor is to design and perform audit procedures that enable the auditor to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence to be able to draw reasonable conclusions on which to base the auditor’s opinion.

      (AU-C Section 500.04)

REQUIREMENTS

      General Guides to the Reliability of Evidence

      The auditor should consider the relevance and reliability of the audit evidence. (AU-C 500.07) Appropriateness of evidence depends on the circumstances, so there are important exceptions to the following presumptions. They are, however, useful general guides.

       Evidential matter from independent sources outside an entity is more reliable than that secured solely within the entity.

       Accounting data are more reliable when developed under effective internal control.

       Direct personal knowledge obtained from the auditor’s own physical examination, inspection, observation, or computation is more reliable than information obtained indirectly.

       Audit evidence is more reliable when it exists in documentary form.

       Audit evidence provided by original documents is more reliable than audit evidence provided by photocopies or facsimiles.

      (AU-C 500.A32)

      When information produced by the entity is used by the auditor to perform further audit procedures (for example, analytical procedures), the auditor should obtain audit evidence about the accuracy and completeness of the information. See the chapter on AU-C 520 for additional guidance. (AU-C 500.A33)

      Using a Management’s Specialist’s Information

      If audit evidence is created using the work of a management’s specialist, the auditor should be careful to evaluate the competence and objectivity of the specialist, get an understanding of the work, and evaluate the appropriateness of the work relevant to the related assertion. (AU-C 500.08) The auditor should ensure the information produced by the entity is accurate, complete, sufficiently precise, and detailed. (AU-C 500.09)

      Inconsistency or Doubts about Reliability of Evidence

      When audit evidence is contradictory or doubts arise as to its reliability, the auditor resolves the situation by modifying or adding procedures. The auditor should also consider the effect on other aspects of the audit. (AU-C 500.10)

      General Guides to Sufficiency of Evidence

      The amount of competent evidential matter necessary to provide a reasonable basis for an opinion depends largely