Digital Photography For Dummies. Julie Adair King

setup, which can produce shadow-free...FIGURE 6-19: Here’s the portrait-shooting variation of the studio.FIGURE 6-20: Here’s proof that you don’t have to invest in expensive lighting s...FIGURE 6-21: I used two standard, clip-on LED lamps to light this still-life sh...FIGURE 6-22: This product-lighting kit from Fotodiox has built-in LED lighting ...

      8 Chapter 7FIGURE 7-1: Some lenses have a switch that sets the camera to autofocus mode.FIGURE 7-2: Autofocus points may be indicated by little squares in the viewfind...FIGURE 7-3: The focusing area may instead by indicated by a single box, as here...FIGURE 7-4: By default, the center focus point is usually selected (left); to s...FIGURE 7-5: Cameras that offer bazillions of autofocus points (left) often offe...FIGURE 7-6: With single-servo autofocus, you can lock focus on your subject (to...FIGURE 7-7: A green light in the viewfinder or a green focus frame means you’re...FIGURE 7-8: A rangefinder is a focusing aid that provides feedback when you foc...FIGURE 7-9: When you handhold a camera at slow shutter speeds, camera shake can...FIGURE 7-10: The less-than-sharp result on the left isn’t due to focusing probl...FIGURE 7-11: The green focus rectangle indicates the focus point used for each ...FIGURE 7-12: If moving objects are blurry, try using a faster shutter speed.FIGURE 7-13: Shallow depth of field is ideal for portraits (left); landscapes b...FIGURE 7-14: Changing the aperture is one way to adjust depth of field.FIGURE 7-15: Zooming to a longer focal length also decreases depth of field.FIGURE 7-16: I set focus in both shots on the die, changing just the aperture s...FIGURE 7-17: In the RGB color world, red, green, and blue are the primary color...FIGURE 7-18: Although Adobe RGB can capture more colors than sRGB, using the la...FIGURE 7-19: Each light source emits its own color cast.FIGURE 7-20: Using two different light sources confused the automatic white bal...FIGURE 7-21: On some cameras, you use this type of control to adjust white bala...FIGURE 7-22: You may be able to choose from several JPEG presets, each of which...FIGURE 7-23: Here's a look at some of the color-related options available in th...

      9 Chapter 8FIGURE 8-1: A blurry background draws more attention to your portrait subject.FIGURE 8-2: Set focus on the eye that’s closest to the lens.FIGURE 8-3: The red rectangles indicate how much of a 3:2 original portrait can...FIGURE 8-4: For soft, even lighting, forego flash and instead expose your subje...FIGURE 8-5: Use a reflector to bounce window light onto the subject.FIGURE 8-6: I shot the left portrait using window light and a reflector, elimin...FIGURE 8-7: Aiming flash directly at your subjects often results in red-eye in ...FIGURE 8-8: With a rotating flash head, you can bounce the flash light off the ...FIGURE 8-9: Bouncing the flash and using a few other tricks enabled me to elimi...FIGURE 8-10: Another option is to compose your shot so that your subject isn’t ...FIGURE 8-11: Slow-sync flash results in brighter backgrounds and softer flash l...FIGURE 8-12: Although usually considered a tool for nighttime shooting, slow-sy...FIGURE 8-13: To keep your subject in silhouette, disable flash.FIGURE 8-14: This photo captured my first furkid at his favorite post, keeping ...FIGURE 8-15: Even on sunny days, backlit subjects benefit from a flash.FIGURE 8-16: Shadows cast by the brim of a hat can also be eliminated by using ...FIGURE 8-17: To eliminate the distractions in the background (left), I moved my...FIGURE 8-18: Indoors, one solution is to have kids lie on a plain-colored carpe...FIGURE 8-19: A piece of blue fabric hung from a closet door provided a nice bac...FIGURE 8-20: Instead of adopting a formal pose (left), invite your subjects to ...FIGURE 8-21: One of my favorite portraits of all time, this one required only h...FIGURE 8-22: Three siblings enjoying a quiet, late-day walk on the beach made f...

      10 Chapter 9FIGURE 9-1: To choose the right camera settings, you first need to decide wheth...FIGURE 9-2: Choose your camera’s maximum resolution setting so that you can fra...FIGURE 9-3: A shutter speed of 1/500 second wasn't fast enough to freeze the ac...FIGURE 9-4: Raising the shutter speed to 1/1000 second got the job done.FIGURE 9-5: I used my camera’s burst mode setting to capture these images of a ...FIGURE 9-6: Even though I captured these frames instants apart, the change in t...FIGURE 9-7: It’s a portrait! It’s an action shot! It’s two, two photo challenge...FIGURE 9-8: To ensure that the bird was properly exposed, I used spot metering,...FIGURE 9-9: Because I was close to my subject, these camera settings produced a...FIGURE 9-10: The last frame in this string of action shots produced a great por...FIGURE 9-11: A slight blur adds drama by creating a heightened sense of motion.FIGURE 9-12: I used a slow shutter to create these motion-blur images of a carn...FIGURE 9-13: The slower the shutter speed, the silkier the water appears.FIGURE 9-14: Using a slow shutter speed and panning the camera during the expos...

      11 Chapter 10FIGURE 10-1: The bench in the foreground helps provide a sense of scale to rein...FIGURE 10-2: Here, the hikers not only provide a reference as to the size of th...FIGURE 10-3: I shot this image just after an afternoon shower passed, leaving b...FIGURE 10-4: The famous structures shown in these images are lovely, but it’s t...FIGURE 10-5: Lens focal length determines angle of view and also contributes to...FIGURE 10-6: Use a short focal length and a horizontal framing to capture the w...FIGURE 10-7: I opted for a large depth of field for my wide-angle shot (left), ...FIGURE 10-8: Adjusting the f-stop changed the depth of field; varying the shutt...FIGURE 10-9: In this scene, taken on an overcast day, the polarizing filter red...FIGURE 10-10: For this shot, the polarizing filter eliminated glare on the glas...FIGURE 10-11: The filter on the left has a variable light reduction of 1.5 to 2...FIGURE 10-12: A panoramic image has an uber-wide, short aspect ratio.FIGURE 10-13: Here are the five individual frames I combined into the panorama ...FIGURE 10-14: Some panorama-creation programs, like this free one from Hugin So...FIGURE 10-15: If your architectural shots display distortion (left), you can st...FIGURE 10-16: Adobe Photoshop offers a batch of tools for correcting perspectiv...FIGURE 10-17: Here’s a look at the simpler perspective correction tool built in...FIGURE 10-18: The lights on the bridge and reflections in the water add the spe...FIGURE 10-19: For this shot, I opened the shutter as the rocket began its upwar...FIGURE 10-20: A shutter speed of 10 seconds turns the taillights of passing car...FIGURE 10-21: For this image, I chose exposure settings that would keep the dra...FIGURE 10-22: The bare tree leads the eye from the predawn colors on the horizo...FIGURE 10-23: When photographing this garden inhabitant, I used settings that d...FIGURE 10-24: Adding flash enabled me to get a better exposure of the dragon an...FIGURE 10-25: A macro lens enables you to focus close enough to fill the frame ...

      12 Chapter 11FIGURE 11-1: You may have the option to vary the amount of data displayed with ...FIGURE 11-2: You usually can choose to display vertically oriented pictures upr...FIGURE 11-3: Some cameras can display the focus point you used when taking the ...FIGURE 11-4: Playback magnification makes it easy to check important details, s...FIGURE 11-5: Many cameras allow you to display multiple images at a time (left)...FIGURE 11-6: Checking picture metadata can help you understand how various sett...FIGURE 11-7: A brightness histogram is a useful tool for evaluating exposure.FIGURE 11-8: An RGB histogram offers both exposure and color clues.FIGURE 11-9: Blinkies display mode makes it easy to see the location of any blo...FIGURE 11-10: Rating photos makes it easier to find your best shots later.FIGURE 11-11: A key is the universal symbol for a “locked” file.FIGURE 11-12: Some cameras offer a built-in red-eye removal tool that you can u...FIGURE 11-13: You also may be able to crop out extraneous background from a pho...FIGURE 11-14: Some cameras even offer simple color and exposure re...FIGURE 11-15: You may be able to connect your camera to a TV for p...

      13 Chapter 12FIGURE 12-1: Most camera manufacturers offer a free image browser and basic pho...FIGURE 12-2: Apple Photos is a good basic tool for Mac users.FIGURE 12-3: Microsoft Windows 10 offers its own free Photos program, shown her...FIGURE 12-4: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom Classic is a popular choice among photog...FIGURE 12-5: Exposure X5 offers more than 500 presets that simulate various fil...FIGURE 12-6: You can connect most cameras directly to a computer via USB (or US...FIGURE 12-7: This card reader from Kingston works with types of camera memory c...FIGURE 12-8: On a Mac, you can drag and drop files from a memory card using the...FIGURE 12-9: Here's a look at the built-in Raw converter found on some Nikon ca...FIGURE 12-10: Adobe Photoshop’s ACR (Adobe Camera Raw) offers multiple panels o...FIGURE 12-11: I used a photo as the basis for this custom-made get-well card.FIGURE 12-12: You can usually choose a playback display mode that indicates the...FIGURE 12-13: In WIndows 10 you can check the pixel count by viewing the image ...FIGURE 12-14: In the Mac Photos program, click the i button to display resoluti...

      14 Chapter 13FIGURE 13-1: For a brighter image, raise the exposure compensation value.FIGURE 13-2: When subjects are in front of the light, use flash to better