Why It's Kicking Off Everywhere. Paul Mason

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      WHY IT’S KICKING OFF

      EVERYWHERE

      The New Global Revolutions

      PAUL MASON

      This edition first published by Verso 2012

      © Paul Mason 2012

      All rights reserved

      The moral rights of the author have been asserted

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      Verso

      UK: 6 Meard Street, London W1F 0EG

      US: 20 Jay Street, Suite 1010, Brooklyn, NY 11201

      www.versobooks.com

      Verso is the imprint of New Left Books

      eISBN: 978-1-84467-889-1

      British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

      A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress

      Typeset in Fournier by MJ Gavan, Truro, Cornwall

      Printed by ScandBook AB, Sweden

      To my mother

      Contents

       Introduction

       1. ‘Now There Is Freedom’: Why Egypt’s Revolution Is Not Over

       2. Nobody Saw It Coming: How the World’s Collective Imagination Failed

       3. ‘Trust Is Explosive’: Britain’s Youth Rebel Against Austerity

       4. So, Why Did It Kick Off? The Social Roots of the New Unrest

       5. Greece: The Anomic State? From Austerity to Social Breakdown

       6. ‘Error de Sistema’: Economic Causes of the Present Unrest

       7. ‘I Tweet in My Dreams’: The Rise of the Networked Individual

       8. In the Tracks of Tom Joad: A Journey through Jobless America

       9. 1848 Redux: What We Can Learn from the Last Global Wave

       10. ‘We Will Barricade’: Slum Dwellers versus the Super-rich

       Notes

       Index

      Introduction

      It was a cold Friday night in early 2011, sometime between the fall of Ben Ali in Tunisia and the fall of the Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak. I got a call: would I do a lecture on the history of the Paris Commune for something called ‘The Really Free School’ in Bloomsbury? I turned up to the venue to find it was a squat. They’d formed an ad hoc university, occupied an eighteenth-century townhouse in the heart of London and stuck a sign on the door saying ‘Journalists Fuck Off’.

      Here was the hard core of the student protest movement: dedicated eco-warriors, veterans of suicidal sit-downs in front of tanks in Gaza, the demobbed Clown Army and, as my host put it, ‘the Situationist Taliban’.

      Did they know this had all been done before? They had a vague idea. I watched their eyes widen—sixty of them, cross-legged on the Jane Austen–era floorboards—as I explained the debates between Proudhon, Blanqui, Marx and Garibaldi in the years before 1871, scarcely needing to draw out the parallels with Climate Camp, the Black Bloc, Naomi Klein and the Zapatistas.

      Afterwards, a few of us wedged ourselves into the nearby Museum Tavern, where Marx had been a regular. There was @spitzenprodukte and @benvickers_, both art activists; @dougald—the inventor of the term ‘collapsonomics’; @digitalmaverick, a schoolteacher and ‘moodle evangelist’; and Tim, who’d dedicated his life to fighting for human rights in the Niger Delta.

      The discussion buzzed: is it the technology, the economics, the mass psychology or just the zeitgeist that’s caused this global explosion of revolt? I inclined to a technological-determinist explanation: ‘Look how your eyes shine when we talk about the network. It’s the network!’ Glancing at my iPhone, I realized why they seemed occasionally distracted: they were tweeting the entire conversation, live, to their friends.

      The next morning I wrote a blog post based on the conversation: ‘Twenty Reasons Why It’s Kicking Off Everywhere’ (see page 63). It went viral.

      Within a month I met a hacker from Boston, Massachusetts, who told me that ‘there are discussion groups in the USA studying your blog’. Later, I found out that a global collective of protesters were working on a book critiquing the blog1; later still I met some of them, as they tried to avoid having their heads bashed in by Greek riot police. This has created a degree of circularity between the reporter, the reported-on and the events which I am still struggling to get my own head around.

      In this book I explore the reasons why numerous protest movements, revolutions, civil wars and internet-based revolts ‘kicked off’ in 2009–11. I’ve travelled from Cairo to Manila to Athens and beyond to write it. It’s not a comprehensive history, and of course the events are not over.

      The book makes no claim to be a ‘theory of everything’, linking LulzSec to global warming and key dates in the Mayan calendar. And don’t file it under ‘social science’: it’s journalism.

      Some ideas in the original blog have been expanded, others ditched. Some theatres of the conflict have been ignored, simply because I couldn’t get there. The original post—written on 5 February 2011 when Mubarak was still in power and Greece was still scheduled to pay its debts (and with my head throbbing thanks to the Museum Tavern)—was just a snapshot and so is this, albeit with more pixels and depth of field. Though events have moved on fast, the essence of my argument remains unchanged. We’re in the middle of a revolution caused by the near collapse of free-market capitalism combined with an upswing in technical innovation, a surge in desire for individual freedom and a change in human consciousness about what freedom means. An economic crisis is making the powerful look powerless, while the powerless are forced to adopt tactics that were once the preserve of niche protest groups.

      If you’re skilled at chaining yourself to fighter planes, or know how to launch a ‘denial of service attack’, there will be parts of this book that make you think, ‘Yeah, right, of course, I knew all that.’ The aim, as with the original blog, is to capture the moments of crisis and revolution, to give them context and to explain what links these apparently disparate, worldwide upheavals.

      Many of the activists I’ve interviewed are hostile to the very idea of a unifying theory, a set of bullet-point demands, a guru or a teleology. I’m not trying to provide any of these. For the youth, increasingly, knowledge is drawn, on demand and free, from online articles and commentaries and—often breathless—tweets. And for many, politics has become gestural: it is about refusing to engage