Economic Citizenship. Amalia Sa’ar

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      Economic Citizenship

       Economic Citizenship

       Neoliberal Paradoxes of Empowerment

       Amalia Sa’ar

      Published in 2016 by

      Berghahn Books

       www.berghahnbooks.com

      © 2016 Amalia Sa’ar

      All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission of the publisher.

       Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Names: Sa’ar, Amalia, author.

      Title: Economic citizenship : neoliberal paradoxes of empowerment / Amalia Sa’ar.

      Description: New York : Berghahn Books, 2016. | Includes bibliographical references and index.

      Identifiers: LCCN 2015047970| ISBN 9781785331794 (hardback : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781785331800 (ebook)

      Subjects: LCSH: Women—Israel—Social conditions. | Women—Israel—Economic conditions. | Women—Employment—Israel. | Poor women—Israel—Social conditions. | Discrimination—Israel. | Inequality—Israel. | Citizenship—Israel.

      Classification: LCC HQ1728.5 .S23 2016 | DDC 305.4095694—dc23

      LC record available at hkp://lccn.loc.gov/2015047970

       British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

      A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

      ISBN 978-1-78533-179-4 hardback

      ISBN 978-1-78533-180-0 ebook

      In memory of my sister

      Avi Dror-Sircovich.

       Contents

       List of Tables

       List of Abbreviations and Research Projects

       Acknowledgments

       Introduction

       Part I. Paradoxes of the Pursuit of Solidarity amid Polarizing Social Inequalities

       Chapter 1. Social Economy: The Quest for Social Justice under Neoliberalism

       Part II. Women Making Sense of the Demand to Make Money

       Chapter 2. Vulnerability

       Chapter 3. Empowerment

       Chapter 4. Entitlement

       Part III. Economic Citizenship—Between the Right to Work and the Obligation to Be Productive

       Chapter 5. Discussion—The Emergence of a Hybrid Local Discourse on Inclusion, Productivity, and Care

       Conclusion

       References

       Index

       List of Tables

      1.1 Selected data on social inequalities in Israel

      1.2 Incidence of poverty among families by population groups (percentages)

      1.3 Wage gaps in Israel, by ethnonationality and gender, 2012 (in Israeli New Shekel)

      2.1 Arabs aged 15 and over, by labor force characteristics, sex, and selected characteristics, 2013

      2.2 Single mothers—selected data

       List of Abbreviations and Research Projects

      Abbreviations

      BONPO business-organized nonprofit organization

      CED community economic development

      EEW Economic Empowerment for Women (name of organization)

      GONGO government-organized nongovernmental organization

      Histadrut General Union of Hebrew Workers in the Land of Israel

      JDC Joint Distribution Committee

      MITL Ministry of Industry, Trade, and Labor

      MATI (merkaz tipuah yazamut) State-sponsored centers for fostering entrepreneurship

      NGO nongovernmental organization

      NII National Insurance Agency (central state agency responsible for all social benefits)

      NPO nonprofit organization

      OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development

       Research Projects

      al-Tufula (Arabic, “childhood”) Center

      Atida project

      Bedouin Village Study (focused on the Sawa Empowerment Project)

      Mahut Center

      Microentrepreneurship Study

      Van Leer Research Group Survey

       Acknowledgments

      It is with great pleasure that I acknowledge the many people and institutions who have supported me and contributed to the research and writing of this book.

      During several periods of fieldwork, spanning more than a decade, I met and became friends with many incredible women, and some men, Palestinian and Jewish, whose struggles to live full, dignified lives filled me with awe and inspiration, and whose kindness and generosity in letting me into their lives continue to imbue me with gratitude and humility. These women are not mentioned here by name because I am committed to protect their privacy. I hope that those of them who read the book will feel that I have communicated their perspectives with fairness