The State of the World Atlas [ff]. Dan Smith

      TANZANIA

      LIBERIA

      BURUNDI

      COMOROS

      SWAZILAND

      BRAZIL

      ANGOLA

      ZAMBIA

      MALAWI

      BOLIVIA

      NAMIBIA

      ZIMBABWE

      BOTSWANA

      PARAGUAY

      MOZAMBIQUE

      CHILE

      ARGENTINA

      URUGUAY

      Growing older

      Average global life expectancy

      at birth

      1800–2009

      LESOTHO

      SOUTH

      AFRICA

      28.5 years

      29.3

      29.7

      32.0

      34.1

      1850

      1870

      1900

      1913

      1810

      24

      Latvia

      +10

      +10

      Estonia

      +11

      +12

      Kazakhstan

      Russia

      +11

      +11

      Lithuania

      +12

      +12

      Belarus

      Sri Lanka

      Ukraine

      RUSSIA

      Gender difference

      On average women live five years longer

      than men. In eight countries, women live

      at least ten years longer; seven of these

      are in the former Soviet Union.

      2009

      MONGOLIA

      KAZAKHSTAN

      UZBEKISTAN

      JAPAN

      KYRGYZSTAN

      TURKMEN.

      NORTH

      KOREA

      SOUTH

      KOREA

      TAJIKISTAN

      IRAN

      AFGHANISTAN

      CHINA

      PAKISTAN

      BHUTAN

      BAHRAIN

      QATAR

      MAURITIUS

      MICRONESIA, FED. ST. OF

      MARSHALL ISLANDS

      NAURU

      KIRIBATI

      TUVALU

      PALAU

      SAMOA

      VANUATU

      FIJI

      COOK ISLANDS

      NIUE

      TONGA

      Life expectancy

      at birth

      2009

      47 – 49 years

      50 – 59 years

      60 – 69 years

      70 – 79 years

      80 – 83 years

      no data

      Changes in life expectancy

      1990–2009

      increase of 10 years or more

      decrease of 5 years or more

      TAIWAN

      NEPAL

      INDIA

      BURMA

      UAE

      LAOS

      THAILAND

      PHILIPPINES

      OMAN

      YEMEN

      BANGLADESH

      VIETNAM

      CAMBODIA

      SOMALIA

      SRI LANKA

      BRUNEI

      MALDIVES

      MALAYSIA

      SINGAPORE

      INDONESIA

      SEYCHELLES

      PAPUA

      NEW

      GUINEA

      SOLOMON

      ISLANDS

      MADAGASCAR

      EAST TIMOR

      AUSTRALIA

      65.2

      66.0

      68 years

      60.0

      48.0

      NEW

      ZEALAND

      1950

      1973

      1990

      2000

      2009

      40 Inequality; 98 HIV/AIDS R

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      Ethnicity & Diversity

      Ethnic and

      national identity

      is at stake in

      50%

      of 21st-century

      wars

      Part of human diversity lies in our membership of large groups – nations, ethnic

      groups, races, tribes, clans. How these are defined varies from one culture to

      another. How important they are varies both from one person to the next and

      from time to time. Groups take on the most explicit importance for their

      members when they are or feel threatened – whether by day-to-day

      discrimination and ill treatment or by traumatic events as in war.

      National ceremonies such as independence days, martial

      anniversaries and royal weddings offer rituals for coming together

      in spirit to renew identity bonds. For the rest of the time,

      ethno-national and