Эпоха долголетия. Линда Граттон

Читать онлайн.
Название Эпоха долголетия
Автор произведения Линда Граттон
Жанр Здоровье
Серия
Издательство Здоровье
Год выпуска 2016
isbn 978-5-9614-3659-4



Скачать книгу

года, тогда как ожидаемая продолжительность здоровой жизни – на три. Для Южной Кореи эти числа составили семь и шесть лет соответственно, для США – 3,5 и 2,5 года, для Западной Европы – 5 и 3,5 года. См.: ‘Global, regional and national Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and Healthy Life Expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990–2013: Quantifying the epidemiological transition’, GBD 2013 DALYS and HALE Collaborators, The Lancet (2015).

      12

      Lafortune, G., Balestat, G. and the Disability Study Expert Group, ‘Trends in Severe Disability Among Elderly People: Assessing the evidence in 12 OECD countries and the future implications’, OECD Health Working Paper no. 26.

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