The Journal of Negro History, Volume 6, 1921. Various

of South Carolina, 1902, page 1066, section 2.

60

100 U. S., 371.

61

110 U. S., 651.

62

127 U. S., 731.

63

179 U. S., 58.

64

185 U. S.

65

189 U. S., 475.

66

193 U. S., 146.

67

The Constitution of Mississippi prescribing the qualifications for electors conferred upon the legislature the power to enact laws to carry those provisions into effect. Ability to read any section of the Constitution or to understand it when read was made a qualification necessary to a legal voter. Another provision made the qualifications for grand or petit jurors that they should be able to read and write. Upon the complaint of Negroes thus disabled the court held that these provisions do not on their face discriminate between white and Negro races and do not amount to a denial of the equal protection of the law secured by the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution. It had not been shown that their actual administration was evil, but that only evil was possible under them.

In Washington County, Mississippi, Williams had been indicted for murder by a grand jury composed of white men altogether. He moved that the indictment be quashed because the law by which the grand jury was established was unconstitutional. (Williams v. Mississippi.)

68

193 U. S., 621.

69

238 U. S., 347.

70

Ibid., 368.

71

Ibid., 763.

72

175 U. S., 528.

73

120 U. S., 102.

74

202 U. S., 1.

75

110 U. S., 651.

76

144 U. S., 236, 286, 293.

77

92 U. S., 214, 217.

78

110 U. S., 651.

79

178 U. S., 458, 462.

80

9 Wheaton, 738.

81

This sketch is drawn largely from a pamphlet, presented to the Association for the study of Negro Life and History by the author A. F. Fokeer. The author states that he has not had access to all the material which he desired to use, for when he applied to the municipality for one of the books concerning Ollier, he received an answer stating "that books written by Mauritians, and published in the colony are by no means to be lent to anybody." Therefore, the source from which most of our information is secured is A Biographical Sketch of the Life, Work and Character of Remy Ollier by A. F. Fokeer, published by the General Printing and Stationery Cy. Ld., 23 Church Street, Mauritius. 1917.

82

Earlier figures are not available.

83

General information concerning the island may be obtained from the following: Martin, The British Possessions in Africa, Vol. IV.; Unienville, Statistique de l'île Maurice et ses dépendances; Epinay, Renseignements pour servir à l'histoire de l'île de France; Decotter, Géographie de Maurice et de ses dépendances; Chalmers, A History of Currency in the British Colonies; Anderson, The Sugar Industry of Mauritius; Keller, Madagascar, Mauritius, and other East African Islands; The Mauritius Almanac; The Mauritius Civil Lists; and Annual Colonial Reports.

84

For a brief discussion of these disorders see the present writer's "Border Troubles Along the Rio Grande, 1848-1860," in The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, XXIII, October, 1919, pp. 91-111.

85

Sen. Jour., 38 Cong., 1 Sess., p. 66, passim.

86

Cong. Globe, 38 Cong., 1 Sess., p. 673.

87

Sen. Report No. 8, 38 Cong., 1 Sess., p. 2.

88

This seems to have been only one of some three or four such undertakings attempted at the time. See House Doc. No. 169, 54 Cong., 1 Sess., pp. 44-45.

89

Elsewhere written W. H. Ellis.

90

Ellis's contract promised more than this in case of larger families.

91

For the contract between Ellis and the company see House Doc. No. 169, 54 Cong., 1 Sess., pp. 46-48; for that between Ellis and the colonists see ibid., pp. 4-5. There are only a few minor differences in the two.

92

Ibid., p. 59.

93

Dwyer's Report, and enclosures, ibid., pp. 42 ff.

94

Ibid., pp. 23, 36, 42.

95

Burke to Uhl, May 28, 1895, and enclosure, ibid., pp. 2-3.

96

Olney to Butler, June 17, 1895, ibid., p. 5.

97

It appears that only one band had tried to escape prior to July 18 or 19.

98

Sparks to Uhl, June 24, 1895, and enclosure, ibid., pp. 6-11.

99

Ibid., pp. 12, 16.

100

Ibid., pp. 17-20.

101

Sparks to Uhl, June 4, 1895, and enclosure, pp. 13-14.

102

Ibid., p. 65.

103

Sparks to Uhl, June 24, 1895, and enclosure, pp. 42, 65-66.

President Cleveland, in his message of December 2, 1895, urged an appropriation for the reimbursements of the railroads, and on January 27, 1896, he sent a special message to Congress with reference to the matter. Richardson, Messages and Papers, IX, 634, 664.

An appropriation for urgent deficiencies which was passed on February 26, 1896, contained the following interesting item: "For the payment of the cost of transportation furnished by certain railway companies in connection with the failure of the scheme for the colonization of negroes in Mexico, necessitating their return to their homes in Alabama, … five thousand and eighty-seven dollars and nine cents." 29 U. S. Statutes at Large, p. 18.

104

Letters and other Writings of James Madison, III, 138.

105

Ibid., 170.

106

Ibid., 239.

107

Letters and other Writings of James Madison, III, 168.

108

Letters and other Writings of James Madison, I, 542-543.

109

Ibid., III, 121.

110

Letters and other Writings of James Madison, III, 122-124.

111

Letters and other Writings of James Madison, III, 133-138.

112

Ibid., III, 170.

113

Letters and other Writings of James Madison, III, 190.

114

Letters and other Writings of James Madison, III, 193-194.

115

Letters and other Writings of James