Speak and Write like The Economist: Говори и пиши как The Eсonomist. Сергей Кузнецов

      Сокращения

      Русские

      ант. – антоним

      букв. – буквально

      в. – век

      вв. – века

      г. – год

      греч. – греческий (язык)

      др. – другой, другие

      др.-греч. – древнегреческий язык

      им. – имени

      каких-л. – каких-либо

      какого-л. – какого-либо

      какое-л. – какое-либо

      какой-л. – какой-либо

      каком-л. – каком-либо

      кем-л. – кем-либо

      кого-л. – кого-либо

      кому-л. – кому-либо

      н. э. – наша эра

      напр. – например

      обыкн. – обыкновенно

      оскорбит. – оскорбительное

      особ. – особенно

      перен. – в переносном значении

      ПО – программное обеспечение

      преим. – преимущественно

      проф. – профессор

      син. – синоним

      собир. – собирательное

      сокр. – сокращение

      тж. – также

      чего-л. – чего-либо

      чем-л. – чем-либо

      чему-л. – чему-либо

      что-л. – что-либо

      чьей-л. – чьей-либо

      чью-л. – чью-либо

      Английские

      ch. – chapter

      dr. – doctor

      esp. – especially

      et al. – et alia

      etc. – et cetera

      Jap. – Japaneese

      sen. – senator

      smb. – somebody

      smth. – something

      v. – versus

      Часть I

      “ Age, health, life, death, soul

      Life is like a roll of toilet paper; the closer you get to the end of the roll, the faster it goes.

      Until the 20th century the average human lived about as long as a chimpanzee.

      Few things are more tragic than the death of a woman in pregnancy or childbirth. An American woman is more likely to be struck by lighthing than to die in childbirth.

      Each day 91 Americans die from an opioid overdose.

      Who is not a patient?

      Defining "conspicuous consumption" as "apparel, watches, jewellery, cars and other socially visible goods", she finds that even though the poor must dedicate much of their income to basic necessities, they devote a higher share of their total spending to conspicuous consumption than the rich do. And the trend is gaining steam. Between 1996 and 2014 the richest 1 % fell further behind the national average in the percentage of their spending dedicated to bling. The middle income quintile went the other way: by 2014 they spent 35 % more than the average as a percentage of their annual expenditure.

      Elephant corpses are centres of attraction for living elephants. They will visit them repeatedly, sniffing them with their trunks and rumbling as they do so. This is a species-specific response; elephants show no interest in the dead of any other type of animal. And they also react to elephant bones, as well as bodies, as Dr Wittemyer has demonstrated. Prompted by the anecdotes of others, and his own observations that an elephant faced with such bones will often respond by scattering them, he laid out fields of bones in the bush. Wild elephants, he found, can distinguish their conspecifics' skeletal remains from those of other species. And they do, indeed, pick them up and fling them into the bush.

      Coca-Cola distribution is so broad, its marketing so expert that the Gates Foundation has urged vaccine campaigns to mimic its strategy.

      Across the planet, 1.8bn human beings drink water contaminated with faeces.

      Death through overwork is considered to be such a feature of the workplace in Japan that there is a word for it: karoshi.

      Humans have always sought to intoxicate themselves.

      Looking after someone with dementia can wipe out even a prosperous family.

      The promise of a longer life, well lived, would round a person out. But this vision of the future depends on one thing – that a long existence is also a healthy one. Humanity must avoid the trap fallen into by Tithonus, a mythical Trojan who was granted eternal life by the gods, but forgot to ask also for eternal youth. Eventually, he withered into a cicada.

      In 2016 a coroner's office in Ohio had to store corpses in refrigerated lorries for a week because residents were overdosing on opioids faster than their bodies could be processed.

      How young is too young? Rich democracies give different answers, depending on the context: in New Jersey you can buy alcohol at 21 and cigarettes at 19, join the army at 17, have sex at 16 and be tried in court as an adult at 14.

      Nothing ages faster than yesterday's dreams of tomorrow.

      People