before – the
ad valorems, 12½, 15, and 20 per centum; the specifics (increased in number) were not increased in rate; the free list not only remained undiminished, but was happily augmented by the addition of salt. The average of the
ad valorems was still about 13 per cent., and almost all fell upon the 12½ per centum class – the importations under the other two classes being inconsiderable,
to wit, only about half a million, ($520,000,) subject to the 20 per centum; and only a little over nine millions under the 15 per centum; while the imports under the 12½ per centum class amounted to above thirty-six millions of dollars. The articles used by the body of the people fell into this class, (the other two classes embracing articles which might be called luxuries,) so that 12½ per centum upon the value may be considered as the duty which fell upon the country. The expenses of collection still remained at about 4 per centum, and the revenue cutter service (there being but little temptation to smuggle under such low duties) cost but a trifle; and the specific list being considerable, the number of custom house officers and agents was inconsiderable. The revenue collected from the
ad valorem duties was about seven millions of dollars; that from specifics about nine millions – leaving sixteen millions for the net revenue. Of that sum the one-half (just eight millions) went to meet the interest, and part of the principal, of the public debt. Of the remainder there went to the military and Indian departments about two and three-quarter millions; to the navy about one million; to tribute to Algiers, (masked under the name of foreign intercourse,) two hundred thousand dollars; and to the civil list, embracing the whole machinery of the civil government, with all its miscellaneous expenses, about nine hundred thousand dollars – leaving some two millions surplus after accomplishing all these objects. It was a model administration of the government. Mr. Jefferson's administration terminated the 3d of March, 1809, but its fair financial working ceased two years before – with the breaking up of our commerce under the British orders in council, and the decrees of the French emperor, and the measures of privation and of expense which the conduct of Great Britain and of France brought upon us. The two last years of his administration were a strong contrast to the six first, and a painful struggle against diminished revenue and increased expenses, injuries and insults from abroad, and preparation for war with one of the greatest powers in the world, while doing no wrong ourselves, and only asking for what the laws of nations and of nature allowed us – a friendly neutrality, and exemption from the evils of a war with which we had no concern. Preparation for war was then a tedious and expensive process; embargo, non-intercourse, fortifications, ships, militia, regular troops. All this is now superseded by railroads and volunteers, ready at any moment to annihilate any invading force; and by privateers, ready to drive the commerce of any nation from the ocean.
5
LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE SENATE.
• New Hampshire.– Nicholas Gilman, Nahum Parker.
• Massachusetts.– Timothy Pickering.
• Connecticut.– James Hillhouse, Chauncey Goodrich.
• Rhode Island.– Elisha Mathewson, Francis Malbone.
• Vermont.– Jonathan Robinson, Stephen R. Bradley.
• New York.– John Smith.
• New Jersey.– John Lambert, John Condit.
• Pennsylvania.– Andrew Gregg, Michael Leib.
• Delaware.– Samuel White, James A. Bayard.
• Maryland.– Samuel Smith, Philip Reed.
• Virginia.– William B. Giles, Richard Brent.
• North Carolina.– Jesse Franklin, James Turner.
• South Carolina.– John Gaillard.
• Georgia.– William H. Crawford.
• Kentucky.– Buckner Thruston, John Pope.
• Tennessee.– Joseph Anderson, Jenkin Whiteside.
• Ohio.– Return Jonathan Meigs, jr., Stanley Griswold.
6
LIST OF REPRESENTATIVES.
New Hampshire.– Daniel Blaisdell, John C. Chamberlain, William Hale, Nathaniel A. Haven, James Wilson.
Massachusetts.– Ezekiel Bacon, William Baylies, Richard Cutts, Orchard Cook, William Ely, Gideon Gardner, Barzillai Gannett, Edward St. Loe Livermore, Benjamin Pickman, jr., Josiah Quincy, Ebenezer Seaver, Samuel Taggart, William Stedman, Jabez Upham, Joseph B. Varnum, Laban Wheaton, Ezekiel Whitman.
Rhode Island.– Richard Jackson, jr., Elisha E. Potter.
Connecticut.– Epaphroditus Champion, Samuel W. Dana, John Davenport, Jonathan O. Mosely, Timothy Pitkin, jr., Lewis B. Sturges, Benjamin Tallmadge.
Vermont.– William Chamberlin, Martin Chittenden, Jonathan H. Hubbard, Samuel Shaw.
New York.– James Emott, Jonathan Fisk, Barent Gardenier, Thomas E. Gold, Herman Knickerbacker, Robert Le Roy Livingston, Vincent Matthews, John Nicholson, Gurdon S. Mumford, Peter B. Porter, Ebenezer Sage, Thomas Sammons, Erastus Root, John Thompson, Uri Tracy, Killian K. Van Rensselaer.
Pennsylvania.– William Anderson, David Bard, Robert Brown, William Crawford, William Findlay, Daniel Heister, Robert Jenkins, Aaron Lyle, William Milnor, John Porter, John Rea, Benjamin Say, Matthias Richards, John Ross, George Smith, Samuel Smith, John Smilie, Robert Whitehill.
New Jersey.– Adam Boyd, James Cox, William Helms, Jacob Hufty, Thomas Newbold, Henry Southard.
Delaware.– Nicholas Van Dyke.
Maryland.– John Brown, John Campbell, Charles Goldsborough, Philip Barton Key, Alexander McKim, John Montgomery, Nicholas R. Moore, Roger Nelson, Archibald Van Horne.
Virginia.– Burwell Bassett, James Breckenridge, William A. Burwell, Matthew Clay, John Dawson, John W. Eppes, Thomas Gholson, jr., Peterson Goodwyn, Edwin Gray, John G. Jackson, Walter Jones, Joseph Lewis, jr., John Love, Thomas Newton, Wilson Carey Nicholas, John Randolph, John Roane, Daniel Sheffey, John Smith, James Stephenson, Jacob Swoope.
North Carolina.– Willis Alston, jr., James Cochran, Meshack Franklin, James Holland, Thomas Kenan, William Kennedy, Archibald McBride, Nathaniel Macon, Joseph Pearson, Lemuel Sawyer, Richard Stanford, John Stanley.
South Carolina.– Lemuel J. Alston, William Butler, Joseph Calhoun, Robert Marion, Thomas Moore, John Taylor, Robert Witherspoon, Richard Wynn.
Georgia.– William W. Bibb, Howell Cobb, Dennis Smelt, George W. Troup.
Kentucky.– Henry Crist, Joseph Desha, Benjamin Howard, Richard M. Johnson, Matthew Lyon, Samuel McKee.
Tennessee.– Pleasant M. Miller, John Rhea, Robert Weakley.
Ohio.– Jeremiah Morrow.
Mississippi Territory.– George Poindexter.
Orleans Territory.– Julian Poydras.
