Formosa. Country of success. Самсон Хохотов

very rapidly however a Soviet diplomat who visited the base of Chinese communists noted that Chairman Mao did not send his fighters to fight the Japanese.

      This is evidenced by the only offensive undertaken by the communists being the Battle of One Hundred Regiments in 1940 led by General Peng Dehuai. Mao criticized Peng for revealing the military strength of the Communist Party. During the "Cultural Revolution" (1966-1976), Peng fell victim to the purge of Mao recalling the General's "betrayal." The issue of the USSR's entry into the war with Japan was significant, and its discussion became the reason for the Soviet side to put forward demands to which the allies were forced to agree. Among them was the expansion of Soviet influence in China and the transfer of the southern part of Sakhalin and all the Kuril Islands. It cannot be ruled out that, by persuading the Soviet Union to start a war with Japan and agreeing to the demands voiced in Yalta by the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, the Allies hoped that the Soviet troops would get bogged down in battles with the Japanese, as the Allied forces. On the other hand, it was calculated that the preparation of the USSR for the beginning of military operations in the Far East would force the Japanese command to stop the transfer of the most combat-ready units from there, which began in 1944 and significantly influenced the course of battles in the Pacific Ocean. Already after the Soviet troops reached the coast of the Yellow Sea, it became clear that the Allied command did not expect such a speed of movement from them.

      For example, American ships which were supposed to bring landing troops to the cities of Dalian and Lushun (founded by Russian sailors in the 19th century Dalny and Port Arthur) arrived there after the Soviet landing party had already completely broken the Japanese defences.

      The Soviets had their plans for the war with Japan and most importantly, there was an understanding of how to defeat the Kwantung Army with the least losses. First of all, it was necessary to supply the troops of the Trans-Baikal Front with the latest military equipment and weapons, which was achieved by sending part of new tanks, guns and aircraft from the Urals to the east.

      Their flow gradually increased as the date for the start of hostilities approached.

      When the fighting in Europe ended, a colossal grouping of Soviet troops including 36 rifle, artillery and anti-aircraft artillery divisions, 53 brigades, 5 air divisions, 3 air defence corps and a bomber aviation corps with vast combat experience was then transferred to the Far East in the shortest possible time.

      As a result, by August 8, 1945, eleven combined arms, one tank and three air armies were concentrated as part of the Transbaikal and the 1st and 2nd Far Eastern fronts, numbering: 80 rifle divisions, four tank and mechanized corps, six rifle and 40 tank and mechanized brigades.

      There were also the Pacific Fleet and the Amur Flotilla. The total number of Soviet troops in the Far East was about 1.6 million people, armed with 26,137 guns and mortars, 5,556 tanks and self-propelled guns, and almost 5,000 aircraft. With an overwhelming advantage in manpower and equipment, the Soviet troops were able to break the resistance of the Kwantung Army in the shortest possible time and in just ten days to reach the designated lines on the shores of the Yellow Sea, completing the defeat of the Japanese.

      Formation of the armed forces

      Initially, from 1942 to 1943, the Japanese command planned to use only auxiliary supply and transportation units formed from indigenous Taiwanese. However, the changing nature of warfare with the deteriorating situation and the transition from offensive to defence forced the Japanese army command to use these units under the name "Takasago Volunteers" already in 1942.

      The initiators of using non-Japanese military personnel were members of military intelligence, whose officers had completed training courses in Nakano. Thanks to their initiative, the concerns of Japanese army officers regarding the ability of native Taiwanese to carry out specialist tasks, were overcome.

      Valuable qualities of the jungle inhabitants, particularly their ability to survive in the wild and belligerence, found their application in combat operations behind Allied lines. The practice of bounty hunting and collective hunting, as well as torture and the infliction of intra-vital mutilation on the enemy with cold weapons, re-emerged.

      Bounty hunting was a common practice of Taiwanese aborigines in almost all tribes: as part of military rites, to intimidate Chinese settlers, medical magic (heads brought to their native village were supposed to protect residents from diseases and epidemics), as a means of resolving a dispute or as an act of blood feud. Also, the number of heads of killed enemies increased the status of their owners in the tribe and simplified marriage.

      The hill tribes believed that the absence of a head prevented the soul from returning to the body or being reborn. The ritual depersonalization of an enemy, dead or alive, with the severance of limbs, castration and blinding, also did not allow the enemy to be reborn and take revenge in a new incarnation. Blood was considered to be the life force of man, the ceremonial shedding of blood on the ground weakened the enemy's soul.