THE ART OF PUBLIC SPEAKING. J. BERG ESENWEIN DALE CARNAGEY

when you are speaking. If you

      feel deeply about your subject you will be able to think of little else.

      Concentration is a process of distraction from less important matters.

      It is too late to think about the cut of your coat when once you are

      upon the platform, so centre your interest on what you are about to

      say--fill your mind with your speech-material and, like the infilling

      water in the glass, it will drive out your unsubstantial fears.

      Self-consciousness is undue consciousness of self, and, for the purpose

      of delivery, self is secondary to your subject, not only in the opinion

      of the audience, but, if you are wise, in your own. To hold any other

      view is to regard yourself as an exhibit instead of as a messenger with

      a message worth delivering. Do you remember Elbert Hubbard's tremendous

      little tract, "A Message to Garcia"? The youth subordinated himself to

      the message he bore. So must you, by all the determination you can

      muster. It is sheer egotism to fill your mind with thoughts of self when

      a greater thing is there--_TRUTH_. Say this to yourself sternly, and

      shame your self-consciousness into quiescence. If the theater caught

      fire you could rush to the stage and shout directions to the audience

      without any self-consciousness, for the importance of what you were

      saying would drive all fear-thoughts out of your mind.

      Far worse than self-consciousness through fear of doing poorly is

      self-consciousness through assumption of doing well. The first sign of

      greatness is when a man does not attempt to look and act great. Before

      you can call yourself a man at all, Kipling assures us, you must "not

      look too good nor talk too wise."

      Nothing advertises itself so thoroughly as conceit. One may be so full

      of self as to be empty. Voltaire said, "We must conceal self-love." But

      that can not be done. You know this to be true, for you have recognized

      overweening self-love in others. If you have it, others are seeing it in

      you. There are things in this world bigger than self, and in working for

      them self will be forgotten, or--what is better--remembered only so as

      to help us win toward higher things.

      _Have Something to Say_

      The trouble with many speakers is that they go before an audience with

      their minds a blank. It is no wonder that nature, abhorring a vacuum,

      fills them with the nearest thing handy, which generally happens to be,

      "I wonder if I am doing this right! How does my hair look? I know I

      shall fail." Their prophetic souls are sure to be right.

      It is not enough to be absorbed by your subject--to acquire

      self-confidence you must have something in which to be confident. If you

      go before an audience without any preparation, or previous knowledge of

      your subject, you ought to be self-conscious--you ought to be ashamed to

      steal the time of your audience. Prepare yourself. Know what you are

      going to talk about, and, in general, how you are going to say it. Have

      the first few sentences worked out completely so that you may not be

      troubled in the beginning to find words. Know your subject better than

      your hearers know it, and you have nothing to fear.

      _After Preparing for Success, Expect It_

      Let your bearing be modestly confident, but most of all be modestly

      confident within. Over-confidence is bad, but to tolerate premonitions

      of failure is worse, for a bold man may win attention by his very

      bearing, while a rabbit-hearted coward invites disaster.

      Humility is not the personal discount that we must offer in the presence

      of others--against this old interpretation there has been a most healthy

      modern reaction. True humility any man who thoroughly knows himself must

      feel; but it is not a humility that assumes a worm-like meekness; it is

      rather a strong, vibrant prayer for greater power for service--a prayer

      that Uriah Heep could never have uttered.

      Washington Irving once introduced Charles Dickens at a dinner given in

      the latter's honor. In the middle of his speech Irving hesitated, became

      embarrassed, and sat down awkwardly. Turning to a friend beside him he

      remarked, "There, I told you I would fail, and I did."

      If you believe you will fail, there is no hope for you. You will.

      Rid yourself of this I-am-a-poor-worm-in-the-dust idea. You are a god,

      with infinite capabilities. "All things are ready if the mind be so."

      The eagle looks the cloudless sun in the face.

      Assume Mastery Over Your Audience_

      In public speech, as in electricity, there is a positive and a negative

      force. Either you or your audience are going to possess the positive

      factor. If you assume it you can almost invariably make it yours. If you

      assume the negative you are sure to be negative. Assuming a virtue or a

      vice vitalizes it. Summon all your power of self-direction, and remember

      that though your audience is infinitely more important than you, the

      truth is more important than both of you, because it is eternal. If your

      mind falters in its leadership the sword will drop from your hands. Your

      assumption of being able to instruct or lead or inspire a multitude or

      even a small group of people may appall you as being colossal

      impudence--as indeed it may be; but having once essayed to speak, be

      courageous. _BE_ courageous--it lies within you to be what you will.

      _MAKE_ yourself be calm and confident.

      Reflect that your audience will not hurt you. If Beecher in Liverpool

      had spoken behind a wire screen he would have invited the audience to

      throw the over-ripe missiles with which they were loaded; but he was a

      man, confronted his hostile hearers fearlessly--and won them.

      In facing your audience, pause a moment and look them over--a hundred

      chances to one they want you to succeed, for what man is so foolish as

      to spend his time, perhaps his money, in the hope that you will waste

      his