THE ART OF PUBLIC SPEAKING. J. BERG ESENWEIN DALE CARNAGEY

to the ignorance of men_ AND TWENTY PEOPLE WERE

      EXECUTED AT SALEM, MASS., WITHIN SIX MONTHS FOR WITCHCRAFT. _Two

      thousand years ago the mob yelled_, "_RELEASE UNTO US

      BARABBAS_"--AND BARABBAS WAS A MURDERER!

      --_From an Editorial by D.C. in "Leslie's Weekly," by permission._

      _Present-day business_ is as unlike OLD-TIME BUSINESS as the

      OLD-TIME OX-CART is unlike the _present-day locomotive._

      INVENTION has made the _whole world over again. The railroad,

      telegraph, telephone_ have bound the people of MODERN NATIONS

      into FAMILIES. _To do the business of these closely knit

      millions in every modern country_ GREAT BUSINESS CONCERNS CAME

      INTO BEING. _What we call big business is the_ CHILD OF THE

      ECONOMIC PROGRESS OF MANKIND. _So warfare to destroy big

      business_ is FOOLISH BECAUSE IT CAN NOT SUCCEED _and wicked_

      BECAUSE IT OUGHT NOT TO SUCCEED. _Warfare to destroy big

      business does not hurt big business, which always comes out on

      top_, SO MUCH AS IT HURTS ALL OTHER BUSINESS WHICH, IN SUCH A

      WARFARE, NEVER COME OUT ON TOP.

      --A.J. BEVERIDGE.

      _Change of Tempo Produces Emphasis_

      Any big change of tempo is emphatic and will catch the attention. You

      may scarcely be conscious that a passenger train is moving when it is

      flying over the rails at ninety miles an hour, but if it slows down very

      suddenly to a ten-mile gait your attention will be drawn to it very

      decidedly. You may forget that you are listening to music as you dine,

      but let the orchestra either increase or diminish its tempo in a very

      marked degree and your attention will be arrested at once.

      This same principle will procure emphasis in a speech. If you have a

      point that you want to bring home to your audience forcefully, make a

      sudden and great change of tempo, and they will be powerless to keep

      from paying attention to that point. Recently the present writer saw a

      play in which these lines were spoken:

      "I don't want you to forget what I said. I want you to remember it the

      longest day you--I don't care if you've got six guns." The part up to

      the dash was delivered in a very slow tempo, the remainder was named out

      at lightning speed, as the character who was spoken to drew a revolver.

      The effect was so emphatic that the lines are remembered six months

      afterwards, while most of the play has faded from memory. The student

      who has powers of observation will see this principle applied by all our

      best actors in their efforts to get emphasis where emphasis is due. But

      remember that the emotion in the matter must warrant the intensity in

      the manner, or the effect will be ridiculous. Too many public speakers

      are impressive over nothing.

      Thought rather than rules must govern you while practising change of

      pace. It is often a matter of no consequence which part of a sentence is

      spoken slowly and which is given in fast tempo. The main thing to be

      desired is the change itself. For example, in the selection, "The Mob,"

      on page 46, note the last paragraph. Reverse the instructions given,

      delivering everything that is marked for slow tempo, quickly; and

      everything that is marked for quick tempo, slowly. You will note that

      the force or meaning of the passage has not been destroyed.

      However, many passages cannot be changed to a slow tempo without

      destroying their force. Instances: The Patrick Henry speech on page 110,

      and the following passage from Whittier's "Barefoot Boy."

      O for boyhood's time of June, crowding years in one brief moon,

      when all things I heard or saw, me, their master, waited for. I

      was rich in flowers and trees, humming-birds and honey-bees; for

      my sport the squirrel played; plied the snouted mole his spade;

      for my taste the blackberry cone purpled over hedge and stone;

      laughed the brook for my delight through the day and through the

      night, whispering at the garden wall, talked with me from fall

      to fall; mine the sand-rimmed pickerel pond; mine the walnut

      slopes beyond; mine, an bending orchard trees, apples of

      Hesperides! Still, as my horizon grew, larger grew my riches,

      too; all the world I saw or knew seemed a complex Chinese toy,

      fashioned for a barefoot boy!

      --J.G. WHITTIER.

      Be careful in regulating your tempo not to get your movement too fast.

      This is a common fault with amateur speakers. Mrs. Siddons rule was,

      "Take time." A hundred years ago there was used in medical circles a

      preparation known as "the shot gun remedy;" it was a mixture of about

      fifty different ingredients, and was given to the patient in the hope

      that at least one of them would prove efficacious! That seems a rather

      poor scheme for medical practice, but it is good to use "shot gun" tempo

      for most speeches, as it gives a variety. Tempo, like diet, is best when

      mixed.

      QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES

      1. Define tempo.

      2. What words come from the same root?

      3. What is meant by a change of tempo?

      4. What effects are gained by it?

      5. Name three methods of destroying monotony and gaining force in

      speaking.

      6. Note the changes of tempo in a conversation or speech that you hear.

      Were they well made? Why? Illustrate.

      7. Read selections on pages 34, 35, 36, 37, and 38, paying careful

      attention to change of tempo.

      8. As a rule, excitement, joy, or intense anger take a fast tempo, while

      sorrow, and sentiments of great dignity or solemnity tend to a slow

      tempo. Try to deliver Lincoln's Gettysburg speech (page 50), in a fast

      tempo, or Patrick Henry's speech (page 110), in a slow tempo, and note

      how ridiculous the effect will be.

      Practise the following