Questions and Answers for Dental Nurses. Carole Hollins

to a patient’s tooth colour when used. The majority are light‐cured and contain an inorganic filler, resin and a catalyst that is activated when exposed to the curing light at the chairside. Which one of the following options is an example of a composite material used to avoid the need for incremental curing during restoration?Bulk‐fill compositeHybrid compositeMicrofine compositeNano compositeUniversal compositeThe correct answer is A.Bulk‐fill composites can be placed into a cavity as one increment and cured to a depth of 4–5 mm (depending on the material used) in one set. This significantly reduces the clinical time required to restore a large cavity with composite filling material, as ordinary composite materials only set to a depth of 2 mm and therefore require incremental curing, making the restorative procedure much longer to achieve.

Extended matching questions

      This style of question consists of a given topic heading (such as microbiology, disease prevention, pain and anxiety control and so on) accompanied by a lead‐in statement and a list of options. Each option list is followed by a set of questions that each describe a particular scenario, for which the candidate must choose one or more matching options from the list as the answer(s) to the specific question. All candidates have the same definitive option lists provided in the written examination paper for each question set and can only match answers for each question from the relevant option list. All this style of question follows the form shown below.

       The topic covered by the question set is stated, to help focus the candidate’s thought processes.

       The lead‐in statement explains what candidates are required to do and how many options they are required to choose from the list – this will either be ‘the single most appropriate…’ or ‘the requested number of…’.

       The option list will usually contain a minimum of eight options.

       The options are always homologous – of the same form (so all surgical instruments, all restorative materials and so on).

       The options are always set out alphabetically or numerically in ascending order (so from a) to b) or from lowest to highest number).

       The questions are set out as several sentences that describe a detailed scenario.

       They are designed to test the candidate’s analytical and reasoning skills, as well as requiring a more detailed and concise application of their knowledge.

       Key words or phrases are not highlighted.

       Each topical option list is accompanied by a question set, rather than a single question.

      The candidates must read the lead‐in statement carefully for each question set, as this gives the information required to match an answer to each question correctly. So, are they matching an appropriate emergency drug to a medical emergency scenario, or an appropriate oral hygiene item to an oral health assessment scenario, or an appropriate instrument to set out for a restorative procedure and so on. Also, the lead‐in statement will state whether just one or more than one answer may be required for questions within that set – obviously if the wrong number is given by the candidate, the answer will be rejected. Where multiple matched answers are to be given, each question will state the number required.

      Again, the alphabetical or numerical order of the option list will prevent the candidates from attempting to guess a likely answer by believing, for example, that option e) has not been used previously and so choose it. The lead‐in statement for EMQs will always state that ‘each option might be used once, more than once or not at all’. Candidates are required to mark their answers as a pencilled horizontal line on an optical marking sheet, as detailed above in the section on MCQs.

      With EMQs, candidates are required to first understand the question scenario as it is described, then apply detailed knowledge of the topic to the scenario so that they can reason out and match the answer(s) from the option list.

      Below are several examples of extended matching questions and answers showing the various formats discussed.

       Topic: Head and neck anatomy

      For each of the following head and neck anatomy questions, select the single most appropriate answer from the option list. Each option might be used once, more than once or not at all.

      1 External carotid artery

      2 Glossopharyngeal nerve

      3 Internal carotid artery

      4 Long buccal nerve

      5 Medial pterygoid

      6 Occipital bone

      7 Temporal bone

      8 Temporalis

      9 Trigeminal nerve

      1 The muscles of mastication are those running between the skull and the mandible that are responsible for closing the mouth and chewing movements. Which one of the options listed is the muscle of mastication that has a point of insertion on the coronoid process of the mandible and acts to pull this jaw backwards and closed?

      The correct answer is h).Temporalis runs from the temporal bone on the side of the head, under the zygomatic arch and inserts onto the coronoid process. It can be seen bulging in the temple region when the teeth are clenched together.

      1 The nerve supply to the head is extensive and supplied by the 12 pairs of cranial nerves, which leave the brain directly through the base of the skull to innervate the area. Which one of the options listed is the name of the fifth cranial nerve that supplies the majority of structures in the oral cavity?

      The correct answer is i).The trigeminal nerve is the cranial nerve of most importance to the dental team, and it splits into three divisions: the ophthalmic, the maxillary and the mandibular. The mandibular division is a combination nerve as it carries both sensory and motor components.

      1 The major arteries carrying oxygenated blood to the head and neck region are the common carotid arteries, which are direct branches from the arch of the aorta as it leaves the left ventricle. Which one of the options listed is the branch of the common carotid artery that supplies this oxygenated blood to the face and oral cavity?

      The correct answer is a).The common carotid artery divides into two branches in the upper neck area; the external carotid artery, which runs outside the cranium and supplies the face and oral cavity, and the internal carotid artery, which passes into the brain and supplies it and some of the sensory organs, such as the eyes.

       Topic: Medical emergencies – drugs and equipment

      For each of the following medical emergency questions, select the single most appropriate answer from the option list. Each option might be used once, more than once or not at all.

      1 Adrenaline

      2 AED

      3 Aspirin

      4 Blood glucose monitor

      5 Glucagon

      6 Glucogel

      7 Glyceryl trinitrate

      8 Midazolam buccal

      9 Needle and syringe

      10 OP airway

      11 Oxygen

      12 Pocket face mask

      13 Portable suction device

      14 Pulse oximeter

      15 Salbutamol

      16 Sphygmomanometer

      1 A collapsed patient is found in the waiting room of the dental practice by a staff member, and the alarm is raised. On checking the patient’s airway, the dentist discovers the casualty’s mouth contains vomit. Which one of the options listed is the item most likely to be required to immediately aid the casualty?