Cyberphysical Smart Cities Infrastructures. Группа авторов

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Название Cyberphysical Smart Cities Infrastructures
Автор произведения Группа авторов
Жанр Физика
Серия
Издательство Физика
Год выпуска 0
isbn 9781119748328



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of security would help ensure that products are secure before reaching the market, not done afterward.

      Establishing partnerships between the federal government and academia is a great way to ensure that the future of AI remains bright. These programs that develop and foster the relationship between the two must be increased in size and magnitude, or else the United States risks falling behind other countries and private corporations as the leading developer of AI.

      AI is a disruptive technology that will change our lives in one way or another. By addressing issues while the developments of AI are still young, it can be ensured that AI becomes a tool that is constructive rather than being used as a weapon for destruction.

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      3 3 Hamet, P. and Tremblay, J. (2017). Artificial intelligence in medicine. Metabolism 69: S36–S40.

      4 4 Executive Office of the President of the United States (2019). The National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan: 2019 Update. A Report by the Select Committee on Artificial Intelligence of the National Science and Technology Council.

      5 5 Gibian, D. (2019). Hacking AI: Rethinking cybersecurity for Artificial Intelligence. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/rethinking-cybersecurity-ai-davey-gibian/ (accessed 16 July 2021).

      6 6 Moisejevs, I. (2019). What Everyone Forgets About Machine Learning. https://calypsoai.com/insights/calypso-newswire/what-everyone-forgets-about-machine-learning/ (accessed 16 July 2021).

      7 7 Buchanan, B.G. (2005). A (very) brief history of artificial intelligence. Ai Magazine 26 (4): 53–53.

       Ghareh Mohammadi1, Farzan Shenavarmasouleh1, M. Hadi Amini2, and Hamid Reza Arabnia1

       1Department of Computer Science, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia

       2Knight Foundation School of Computing and Information Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA

      imagesMotivation: The explosion of advancement in artificial intelligence (AI), sensor technologies like Internet of things (IoT), and wireless communication activates ubiquitous sensing through distributed sensors in various domains of networks that lead us to smart systems in healthcare, transportation, environment, and other relevant branches/networks. Having collaborative interaction among the smart systems connects end‐user devices to each other, enabling a new integrated entity called smart cities.

      In the last decade, the IoT devices have been connected among different independent agents and heterogeneous networks as with communication technologies [1, 2]. The connected high‐performance sensors and end‐user devices, IoT, are the trigger leveraging the networks in transitioning from urban cities toward smart sustainable cities. The goal of smart cities is to address upcoming challenges of conventional cities by offering integrated management systems with a combination of intelligent infrastructures [3].

      Interestingly, large cities are losing their own urban style and turning into smart ones. Smart cities are growing due to the advanced technology, especially AI. The more people live in large cities, the more need to have an integrated system to cost‐efficiently handle the ample growth in urbanization. The proliferation of population offers smart development challenges in such cities and enables enormous pressure on society to create innovative, smart, and sustainable environments. Therefore, today's developed cities (or smart cities) are in need of integrated smart policies and novel innovative solutions to enhance the monitoring functionality to facilitate urban living conditions [8].

      Smart cities are created to enable advanced capabilities, such as sustainable energy systems and electrified transportation networks, and interact with information and communication technologies (ICTs) to enhance the efficiency of the cities being generated [9, 10]. An example of responding to new changes for smart cities may be seen in the progress being made in smart healthcare systems for emergency care cases. For the hospitals to be able to monitor and control their patients and let the specialists offer better solutions to their patients, they need to use a smart healthcare system [11, 12].

      To develop the smart healthcare system, we need to use healthcare networks that are the inter‐ and intra‐connection among the healthcare components like IoT devices and sensors to enhance the process of monitoring and consequent services for patients [4, 13]. The performance of such a system heavily depends on the quality of this network communication or online synchronization with other associated networks (other smart systems in smart cities) that actively contribute to the service operation in a positive way. For example, a healthcare network may take advantage of networks' resources, like energy, in case the system fails to run an operation due to the lack of enough power supply. In this situation, the best solution is connecting this network with other networks for the benefit of both patients and their health and service management reliability [4].

Schematic illustration of smart cities main features.