Magnetic Nanoparticles in Human Health and Medicine. Группа авторов

de Strasbourg, CNRS Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg Strasbourg, France

       John Philip

      Smart Materials SectionCorrosion Science and Technology Division Materials Characterization Group Metallurgy and Materials Group Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, HBNI Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India

       Rodolfo D. Piazza

      Magnetic Materials and Colloids Laboratory Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara, SP, Brazil

       Gabriel C. Pinto

      Magnetic Materials and Colloids Laboratory Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara, SP, Brazil

       Mahendra Rai

      UGC – Basic Science Research Faculty Department of Biotechnology SGB Amravati University Amravati, Maharashtra, India

       Surojit Ranoo

      Smart Materials Section Corrosion Science and Technology Division Materials Characterization Group Metallurgy and Materials GroupIndira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, HBNI Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India

       Sundas Riaz

      Polymer Research Lab School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME) National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Islamabad, Pakistan

Maritina Rouchota

      Bioemission Technology Solutions (BIOEMTECH) Lefkippos Attica Technology Park NCSR “Demokritos” Ag. Paraskevi‐Athens, Greece

       Teresa Russo

      Institute of Polymers Composites and Biomaterials National Research Council of Italy Naples, Italy

       Jaime Santoyo‐Salazar

      Departmento de Física Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508 Zacatenco, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico

       Sophia Sarpaki

      Bioemission Technology Solutions (BIOEMTECH) Lefkippos Attica Technology Park NCSR “Demokritos” Ag. Paraskevi-Athens, Greece

       Gul Shahnaz

      Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan

       Carolyn Shasha

      Department of Physics University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA

       Ioana Slabu

      Applied Medical Engineering Helmholtz Institute, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University Aachen, Germany

       Codruta Soica

      Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Toxicology “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania

       Gabriela Fabiola Ştiufiuc

      Faculty of Physics “Babes‐Bolyai” University Cluj‐Napoca, Romania

       Rareș Ionuț Ştiufiuc

      Department of Pharmaceutical Physics and Biophysics “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj‐Napoca, Romania;

      Med Future Research Center for Advanced Medicine “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj‐Napoca, Romania

       Romulus Tetean

      Faculty of Physics “Babes‐Bolyai” University Cluj‐Napoca, Romania

       Boyan Todorov

      Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Sofia, Bulgaria

       Valentin Toma

      Med Future Research Center for Advanced Medicine “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj‐Napoca, Romania

       Francois Vernay

      Laboratoire PROMES CNRS UPR 8521 Université de Perpignan Via Domitia Rambla de la Thermodynamique Tecnosud, Perpignan, France

1 An Introduction to Magnetic Nanoparticles: From Bulk to Nanoscale Magnetism and Their Applicative Potential in Human Health and Medicine

       Costica Caizer1, Shital Bonde2, and Mahendra Rai2

       1 Physics Faculty, Department of Physics, West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania

       2 UGC – Basic Science Research Faculty, Department of Biotechnology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India

1.1 Magnetism of Nanoparticles: From Bulk to Nanoscale

      1.1.1 Introduction

The bulk magnetic material has specific magnetic properties depending on the type of magnetic material and the form of magnetic ordering (Smit and Wijin 1961; Kneller 1962; Jacobs and Bean 1963; Vonsovskii 1974; Kojima 1982; Rosensweig 1985; Cullity and Graham 2009). Magnetic materials can be diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and with ordered forms of magnetism. The magnetic ordered materials can be ferromagnetic, antiferomagnetic, ferimagnetic, and some more complex magnetic structures. Diamagnetic materials show a very weak magnetization (M) induced by the application of the external magnetic field (H) (Figure 1.1a‐(I)), in the opposite direction to the magnetic field (Figure 1.1b‐(I)), due to the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction (Faraday) that modifies the orbital and spin motion of atomic electrons. In the absence of the magnetic field, this material has no atomic (or molecular) magnetic moment. The paramagnetic materials show a weak magnetization in an external magnetic field (Figure 1.1a‐(II)), but in the same direction of the applied magnetic field (Figure 1.1b‐(II)), as a result of the reorientation of the permanent atomic magnetic moments in the magnetic field. This material has, at molecular level, permanent magnetic moments (in the absence of the external magnetic field), which does not interact magnetically with each other. In the case of ferromagnetic materials, an intense magnetization is obtained in the presence of the external magnetic field (Figure 1.1a‐(III)), in the same direction with the applied magnetic field (Figure 1.1b‐(III)), due to the existence of ordered (aligned) atomic (or molecular) magnetic moments under the action of exchange forces (exchange interaction) existing at the molecular level of a quantum nature.

Figure 1.1 (a) Schematic field dependencies of magnetization of (I) diamagnetic, (II) paramagnetic, and (III) ferromagnetic materials.

      Source: Yamauchi (2008). Reproduced with permission from John Wiley & Sons.

      (b) Schematic representation of the magnetization of different magnetic materials in the external magnetic field: (I) diamagnetic, (II) paramagnetic, (III) ferromagnetic.

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