1812. Adam Zamoyski

      

      1812

      Napoleon’s Fatal March on Moscow

      ADAM ZAMOYSKI

       Copyright

      Harper Perennial

      An imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers 1 London Bridge Street London SE1 9GF www.harpercollins.co.uk

      This edition published by Harper Perennial 2005

      FIRST EDITION

      First published by HarperCollinsPublishers 2004

      Copyright © Adam Zamoyski 2004

      Adam Zamoyski asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work

      A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

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      Ebook Edition © JULY 2012 ISBN 9780007381067

       Version: 2019-10-14

       Maps

      Europe in 1811

      Russia’s expansion in the west, 1772–1812

      The Russian Armies of the West

      French and Russian dispositions in June 1812

      The French advance

      The advance to Vitebsk

      The Rudnia offensive and Napoleon’s Smolensk manoeuvre

      The battle for Smolensk

      Lubino – Valutina Gora

      The Russian positions at Borodino

      Borodino. The morning attacks

      Borodino. The final assault

      Kutuzov’s retreat from Moscow

      Maloyaroslavets

      The retreat

      The view from Smolensk

      Krasny, 15–16 November

      Krasny, 16 November

      Krasny, 17–19 November

      The closing trap, 21 November

      The Berezina manoeuvre

      The Berezina crossing

      The strategic situation at the beginning of December

      Statistical chart showing the outward march and retreat of all the forces which crossed the Niemen

       Contents

       Cover

       Title Page

Copyright

Maps

Select Glossary of Place-Names in the Former Polish Lands of the Russian Empire

Introductory Note

1 Caesar

2 Alexander

3 The Soul of Europe

4 The Drift to War

5 La Grande Armée

6 Confrontation

       7 The Rubicon

       8 Vilna

       9 Courteous War

       10 The Heart of Russia

       11 Total War

       12 Kutuzov

       13 The Battle for Moscow

       14 Hollow Triumph

       15 Stalemate

       16 The Distractions of Moscow

       17 The March to Nowhere

       18 Retreat

       19 The Mirage of Smolensk

       20 The End of the Army of Moscow

       21