Formative Assessment & Standards-Based Grading. Robert J. Marzano

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Название Formative Assessment & Standards-Based Grading
Автор произведения Robert J. Marzano
Жанр Учебная литература
Серия Classroom Strategies
Издательство Учебная литература
Год выпуска 0
isbn 9781935542438



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      Formative

      Assessment &

      Standards-Based

      Grading

Robert J. Marzano

      THE CLASSROOM STRATEGIES SERIES

      Copyright © 2010 by Marzano Resources

      Materials appearing here are copyrighted. With one exception, all rights are reserved. Readers may reproduce only those pages marked “Reproducible.” Otherwise, no part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) without prior written permission of the publisher and the author.

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      Visit MarzanoResources.com/classroomstrategies to download reproducibles in this book.

      Printed in the United States of America

      Library of Congress Control Number: 2009908602

      ISBN: 978-0-9822592-2-1 (paperback)

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      Managing Production Editor: Caroline Wise

      Senior Production Editor: Risë Koben

      Proofreader: Sarah Payne-Mills

      Text Designer: Amy Shock

      Cover Designer: Pamela Rude

       AKNOWLEDGMENTS

      Marzano Resources would like to thank the following reviewers:

      Larry Ainsworth

      Executive Director, Professional Development

      The Leadership and Learning Center

      Englewood, Colorado

      Susan M. Brookhart

      Consultant

      Brookhart Enterprises

      Helena, Montana

      Kay Burke

      President

      Kay Burke and Associates

      Greensboro, Georgia

      Tony Frontier

      Associate Professor

      Cardinal Stritch University

      Milwaukee, Wisconsin

      Douglas B. Reeves

      Chairman

      The Leadership and Learning Center

      Salem, Massachusetts

      Mike Schmoker

      Author and Consultant

      Flagstaff, Arizona

      Visit MarzanoResources.com/classroomstrategies to download reproducibles from this book.

       CONTENTS

Italicized entries indicate reproducible pages.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
INTRODUCTION
How to Use This Book
CHAPTER 1RESEARCH AND THEORY
Feedback
Assessment
Grading
Translating Research Into Classroom Practice
CHAPTER 2THE ANATOMY OF FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Types of Classroom Assessments
Uses of Classroom Assessments
The Importance of Changing Behavior
Summary
Exercise 2.1: Obtrusive, Unobtrusive, and Student-Generated Assessments
Exercise 2.2: Instructional Feedback Versus Formative Scores
Exercise 2.3: Review Questions
CHAPTER 3THE NEED FOR A NEW SCALE
The 100-Point Scale
A Rigorous Rubric-Based Approach
Using Preexisting Assessments
Summary
Exercise 3.1: Simpler and More Complex Content for Learning Goals
Exercise 3.2: Scoring Assessments Using the Scale
Exercise 3.3: Review Questions
CHAPTER 4DESIGNING ASSESSMENTS
Selected-Response Items in Obtrusive Assessments
Short Constructed-Response Items in Obtrusive Assessments
Designing and Scoring Assessments Using Selected-Response and Short Constructed-Response Items
Extended Constructed-Response Items in Obtrusive Assessments
Oral Responses in Obtrusive Assessments
Demonstrations in Obtrusive Assessments
Unobtrusive Assessments
Student-Generated Assessments
Summary
Exercise 4.1: Designing Selected-Response Assessment Items
Exercise 4.2: Designing Extended Constructed-Response Tasks and Demonstration Tasks
Exercise 4.3: Review Questions
CHAPTER 5TRACKING STUDENT PROGRESS
Approach 1: Summative Score Assigned at the End of the Grading Period
Approach 2: Gradual Accumulation of a Summative Score
Approach 3: The Whole Class Progresses as One
Approach 4: Continual Improvement Throughout the Year
Celebrating Current Status and Knowledge Gain
The Role of Technology
Summary
Exercise 5.1: Record Keeping in the Four Approaches
Exercise 5.2: Review Questions
Gradesheet for Approach 1
Gradesheet for Approach 2
Continual Progress Report
CHAPTER 6GRADING AND REPORTING
The Overall Grade
Changing School and District Report Cards
Summary
Exercise