Survival Indonesian. Katherine Davidsen

trilled as in Spanish. Rrrrrr. A tricky sound to learn.sas in sarong, sataytas in tornado, tentv*is pronounced as f, usually in words from Dutch, e.g. the female name Vivi is usually pronounced Fifi.was in water, Wednesdayyas in yellow, youngzas in zoo. This letter is not common and is pronounced as j by some people.

      The alphabet can be sung to the same tune as the English alphabet song:

      Ah bé sé dé é éf gé

       Ha ii jé ka él ém én

       O pé ki érr éss té oo

       Fé wé éks yé zét

      The International Phonetic Alphabet is very useful where it is unclear whether the English or Indonesian alphabet is being used. Misspelt international airline tickets can cause a great deal of problems and stress, so make sure you always check spelling and name order. The concept of having a family name is a fairly recent development and the idea of surnames is quite unfamiliar to even some westernized Indonesians.

      The following codes are used for Indonesian letters and numbers when given verbally (e.g. over a phone):

      Alpha bravo Charlie delta echo foxtrot golf hotel India Juliet kilo London (the usual equivalent is Lima, but this means 5 in Indonesian) Mike November Oscar Papa Quebec Romeo sierra tango uniform victor whiskey x-ray Yankee Zulu

      Numbers are said by putting the word angka (number) before the actual number. For example: IP32AF would be read

      ii / péh / angka tiga / angka dua / ah / éff,

      or

      India / Papa / angka tiga / angka dua / alpha / foxtrot.

      PART ONE

       Essential Language Pointers

      This is essential reading to get an overview before you begin trying out phrases.

      Indonesian word order is basically the same as English but can be flexible, i.e. subject / verb / object.

Saya	makan	nasi.
I	eat	rice.

      One key difference is that adjectives follow the noun, as in French, e.g.

Saya	makan	nasi	putih..
I	eat	rice	white.	(= I eat white rice.)

      One great feature is that, unlike in English, you do not have to worry about tense, plural or gender. When these are shown, they are done so in other, more intuitive ways.

      PRONOUNS

      SINGULAR

I	saya, aku (informally or to children)
you	usually not stated. You can use anda (a bit stilted) or the person’s name. Kamu is very familiar or for children. Engkau or kau is common in Sumatra.

he, she, it

dia

      PLURAL

we	kita (including person being addressed),
	kami (excluding person being addressed)
you	kalian. This is a useful word which is neither distant or over-familiar.
they	meréka

      These can all be used as adjectives to create possessive pronouns, e.g.

      buku saya my book buku kita our book

      Sometimes these are abbreviated.

bukunya	(from buku dia) his or her book, the book
bukumu	your (familiar) book
bukuku	my (familiar) book

      Sometimes pronouns are omitted in spoken Indonesian, especially when referring to other people, or if who you are referring to is clear from the context of the sentence.

      NOUNS

      These always come before any adjective describing them, except when counting.

tas	bag
tas biru	blue bag
bis	bus
bis biru	blue bus
uang	money
tiga tas biru	three blue bags

      Many words with the affixes ke-an are nouns, often with a more abstract meaning.

      uang money; keuangan finance

      aman secure, safe; keamanvan security

      Per-an is another affix denoting more abstract nouns.

      tani farmer; pertanian agriculture

      usaha trade, business; perusahaan company

      ADJECTIVES

      These always follow the noun (or verb) they describe. There is no clear distinction between adjectives and adverbs (which describe verbs).

biru	blue
tas biru	blue bag
besar	big
tas besar	big bag
lama	long, slow, old (of time)
tas lama	old bag
baik	good, well (of people, situations)
tas bagus	good bag

      VERBS

      Indonesian is very rich in action words or verbs. There are single words to describe an action using a number of English words, e.g.

mengamuk	having a tantrum
mengupil	picking your nose

      Simple, common words include:

makan	eat
minum	drink
datang	come
pergi	go
naik	ride on, go up
tidur	sleep

      More sophisticated meaning can be found in verbs beginning with meN- (where N- represents a variety of possible nasal-sounding endings). Such verbs may end in the suffix -kan (which may denote an object or doing something for someone) or -i (which may suggest repetition or an object which is human).

mendatangkan	to import (i.e. to bring something to)
menaiki	to ride on (a vehicle)

      The meN- prefix changes according to the base word following it. You will learn these through experience rather than trying to memorize the rule.

me- before l, m, n, r, w, y	melihat, memakan,
	menaiki, merusakkan,
	mewarnai, meyakini
mem- before b, f, v	membuka, memfokus, memvonis
men- before c, d, j	mencuci, mendaki, menjemur
meng- before all vowels (a e i o u), g, h	mengaku, menggigit, menghias
before k, meN- becomes	kawin → mengawinkan
meng (the k disappears)
before p, meN- becomes	panas → memanaskan
mem (the p disappears)
before s, meN- becomes	suka → menyukai
meny (the s disappears)
before t, meN- becomes	tidur → menidurkan
men (the t disappears)

      There are a number of tense markers that behave like auxiliary verbs, which are very useful. They often show when something has happened or will happen.

sudah, telah (more formal)	already
belum	not yet
tidak	not
bukan	not Скачать книгу В начало < 1 2 3 4 5 6 > В конец