Introduction to Engineering Research. Wendy C. Crone

a few. Engineers also have the ability to address the grand challenges that face society and improve the human condition by doing so. These challenges exist throughout the array of human experience, from ensuring a stable food supply and clean drinking water for the world’s population, to the further development of artificial intelligence and treatment of neurological disease by reverse engineering the brain.

      It is an exciting and important moment in human history for engineers. The world depends on us, both to maintain our current standard of living and to innovate in new and unprecedented ways to bring us into a better future. We have the capability and the responsibility.

       ASSIGNMENT 2-1:INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT – YOUR ENGINEERING GRAND CHALLENGE

      Read the National Academy of Engineering’s “Grand Challenges for Engineering” list¹ and identify the challenge most closely related to your research interests. Summarize the challenge and describe the ways in which research in your field of study have already impacted this topic and how you imagine future research can make an impact on this challenge topic.

2.2 IDENTIFYING A RESEARCH PROJECT

      Sometime students think that in order to engage in research you have to come up with the idea yourself at the very start. This is quite a challenge if you are new to a field and have little prior experience with research. Identifying a research project that you can undertake usually involves a very different process. Experienced researchers are often looking for students to help them with new and ongoing research projects. So, what you are actually seeking is a match between your interests and existing research projects that are available.

       Student Perspective

      “[R]esearch never really ‘ends.’ What I mean by this is that even when a group gets a paper published on an experiment it doesn’t end there. Frequently, the group continues to do research on the same topic using the ideas and results from their last paper. I guess this does make sense to me, but again it was something I never really thought about. In some way, I suppose I assumed that after one project was finished, they would look for something new and exciting. But, once an experiment is completed, there is almost always further research to be done to learn even more about the topic.”

      Whether you are an undergraduate student or a graduate student, you should enter into a research project that meshes well with your interests. Don’t just take on a project for the money or because it is the first one offered to you. Cast your net wide and look for a variety of projects that might fit your interests as well as a research mentor who would be a good match for your personality and needs. After you find the right research project to pursue, your intrinsic interest will motivate you through the difficult parts and ultimately help you to be more successful.

      In order to identify research projects and mentors that are a good fit, first identify the areas of engineering that interest you. Explore your options by reading about current research in those areas and talking to people who have experience with ongoing research. Utilize a variety of sources including websites and recently published journal papers. As you begin to identify individual faculty members you might be able to work with, try to engage in face-to-face or email conversations with these potential research mentors. It is easy to be energized by someone’s enthusiasm for their work, but don’t fixate on the first thing you learn about. Look broadly and determine what options might be available to you. Even if you are entering a summer research opportunity, rather than a new degree program, often there are choices of projects available to you and faculty mentors within the program that you can identify as your top choices.

      Some people stumble across the perfect research position immediately, but often students need to make some effort to both identify potential research mentors and find ones who are willing to add you to their research group. Often available research funding can be a barrier. If you are an undergraduate student looking for research experience, you might choose to do this work for credit rather than pay. That option may open additional opportunities that would otherwise not be possible. Graduate students frequently have the challenge of finding a good match between their interests and the funding available for a research assistantship. If you have obtained a fellowship, this becomes less of an issue, but most students will need to find support either as a research assistant or a teaching assistant.

      Consider these strategies if you are having difficulty obtaining a research position.

      • Cast a wide net so that you don’t limit your options too severely up front.

      • Be as flexible with your research interests as is reasonable.

      • Consult with faculty you have taken classes from; ask about openings they may know of or colleagues they would recommend.

      • Seek out new faculty (e.g., assistant professors) who may be looking to grow their research group.

      • Identify research centers or facilitates that may have positions available.

      After you have explored what is available to you, some introspection will be called for. If you find that you have developed a keen interest that is not represented at your institution, you may have to consider making a change. As an undergraduate, you can consider looking for summer research opportunities elsewhere, transferring to another institution, and/or pursuing your later graduate studies at an institution with a better fit with your interests. As a graduate student, hopefully you will have taken on this exploration while looking for the right graduate school for you, but, if you find yourself at an institution where your interests are not represented, you have to make some decisions. Stay or go elsewhere? Some programs allow for a “coursework only” Master’s degree that you can finish up more quickly so that you can move on to another institution sooner. If you can find a research project peripherally related to your interests, you might want to consider pursuing this for your Master’s degree research and then make a change when you begin your Ph.D. or first industry position. This is not as unusual as you might think. I have known many students who have made a significant change after their Bachelor’s or Master’s degree. Their prior experience is not a waste, they will be able carry their skills and knowledge forward and may be able to use them in unanticipated ways.

      Some students find themselves paralyzed at having to choose which research project they will take on. If you find research areas at your institution that excite you—which is often the case—you may find that you have more options that you expected. The important thing to remember is that it does not have to be a decision you are married to forever. Although it is likely that your research career will be related to the general area of study you are currently pursuing, it is also likely that your research career will be long and varied. The research I did as an undergraduate was in the same basic field as my graduate work, but not thoroughly connected to it. Also, the specific research I did for my master’s degree was different from my Ph.D. (and different from what I do now as a faculty member). You can choose to stay in the same area or you can use the skills you have learned in related areas. You will find that much of what you gain in both your coursework and research experience is transferable and can be used in other areas of engineering application.

      There are often opportunities to move around and try new things as you progress in your studies and career. Technology also moves quickly, so even if you begin your career in a particular specialty area, it is likely that you will have to learn and expand your expertise over time. Outside of academia, change is even more common—switching between companies or organizations, working in different positions—and often require different competencies and your own personal career management.² Most researchers, even faculty researchers, change their research focus over the course of their careers even if they stay at the same institution.

      Who your research mentor will be is as important as the topic of your research project. Research mentor fit is often overlooked, but as Megan Poorman, GradHacker blogger, points out: “Choose your mentor wisely: this is the biggest factor in your job satisfaction and degree progress. Your advisor sets the tone for the lab and can either help or hinder your professional development and your research