The Tuskegee Syphilis Study. Fred Gray

      

      The Tuskegee Syphilis Study

      The Real Story and Beyond

      Fred D. Gray

      NewSouth Books

      Montgomery

      Also by Fred D. Gray

       Bus Ride to Justice: Changing the System by the System, the Life and Works of Fred Gray

      NewSouth Books

      105 S. Court Street

      Montgomery, AL 36104

      Copyright 1998, 2013 by Fred D. Gray. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by NewSouth Books, an imprint of NewSouth, Inc., Montgomery, Alabama.

      ISBN: 978-1-60306-309-8

      eBook ISBN: 978-1-60306-091-2

      Visit www.newsouthbooks.com

      To Bernice (1934–1997)

      Without her encouragement and assistance, I would never have written this book.

      To the seven living survivors of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, Charles Pollard Herman Shaw Carter Howard Fred Simmons Ernest Hendon George Key and Frederick Moss.

      And to the memory of the 616 deceased participants of the Study.

Contents

       Listing of Study Participants, 1932–1972

       Foreword

       Acknowledgments

       1 - Introduction

       2 - Macon County, Alabama

       3 - Origins of the Study

       4 - The Study, 1932–1972

       5 - The Study Revealed

       6 - The Lawsuit

       7 - An Abrupt End to the Study

       8 - Aftermath

       9 - The Presidential Apology

       10 - The Legacy

       11 - Beyond Tuskegee

       12 - Epilogue

      Appendix A:

      Documents Relating to the Study, 1932–1972

       Introduction to the Tuskegee Study

      Appendix B:

      Documents and Statements Relating to the April 8, 1997, Press Conference

       March 31, 1997, Press Release

       Statement of Fred D. Gray

       Statement of Mr. Herman Shaw, April 8, 1997

       Question and Answer Period, April 8, 1997

      Appendix C:

      Statements and Documents Relating to the Apology

       Vice President Al Gore, May 16, 1997

       Dr. David Satcher, May 16, 1997

       Mr. Herman Shaw, May 16, 1997

       President Bill Clinton, May 16, 1997

       Fred D. Gray, May 16, 1997, Statement at Post-Apology Press Conference

       Fred Gray Letter to Clinton, May 21, 1997

       Bibliography

       Index

       About the Author

       Listing of Study Participants, 1932–1972

      Adair, Green

      Adams, Courtney

      Adams, James

      Adams, Louis

      Albert, Prince

      Alexander, Ben

      Alexander, Joe

      Alexander, Marion

      Allen, Jefferson

      Allen, Sam

      Allen, Selden

      Anderson, George

      Anderson, George T.

      Anthony, Will

      Askew, Sebon

      Austin, Alfred

      Austin, Dean

      Austin, George

      Austin, Hyth

      Austin, Nelson

      Austin, Wiley

      Baker, George

      Banks, Early

      Banks, Jack

      Barrow, David

      Barrow, Seth

      Battle, Enoch

      Battle, Lee

      Beasley, Robert

      Beasley, Nathaniel

      Berry, John

      Berry, Leornie

      Bessick, Edward

      Bessick, Ernest

      Black, Ishman

      Black, Jim

      Black, Tommie Lee

      Black, Wiley

      Blackburn, Will

      Blackman, Prismus

      Bledsoe, Pustell