California NORML Guide to Drug Testing. Dale Gieringer, PhD

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      CALIFORNIA NORML GUIDE TO DRUG TESTING

      BY DALE GIERINGER, PH.D.

      HE ADVISED GREAT STATESMEN TO EXAMINE INTO THE DIET OF ALL SUSPECTED PERSONS; . . . TO TAKE A STRICT VIEW OF THEIR EXCREMENTS, AND FROM THE COLOUR, THE ODOUR, THE TASTE, THE CONSISTENCE, THE CRUDENESS, OR MATURITY OF DIGESTION, FORM A JUDGMENT OF THEIR THOUGHTS AND DESIGNS: BECAUSE MEN ARE NEVER SO SERIOUS, THOUGHTFUL, AND INTENT, AS WHEN THEY ARE AT STOOL, WHICH HE FOUND BY FREQUENT EXPERIMENT . . .

      JONATHAN SWIFT

      GULLIVER’S TRAVELS

      A VOYAGE TO LAPUTA, CHAPTER VI

      Copyright © 2013 Dale Gieringer and CA NORML

       PAPERBACK

      ISBN-13: 978-1-58790-237-6

      ISBN-10: 1-58790-237-0

       E-BOOK

      ISBN-13: 978-1-58790-238-3

      ISBN-10: 1-58790-238-9

       PUBLISHED BY

      REGENT PRESS

      for

      CA NORML

       COVER DESIGN

      Ellen Komp

       BOOK DESIGN

      Mark Weiman / Regent Press

       FOR ORDERING INFORMATION CONTACT

      CA NORML

       www.canorml.org

      [email protected]

       PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

      REGENT PRESS

      Berkeley, CA

       www.regentpress.net

      [email protected]

      Table of Contents

       DRUG TESTING: AN OVERVIEW

       Types of Drug Testing

       Reliability of Urine Testing

       Confounding Factors

      Cross Reactions • Medical Marijuana • CBD • Infants & Pregnancy • Passive Exposure

       Dealing With Drug Testing On Short Notice

      Urine Tests • Oral Fluid Tests • Hair Tests

       Legal Challenges

       DRUG TEST DETECTION TIMES

       Urine Testing Detection Times

       Time To First Positive Test

       Urine Testing In Regular Users

       Blood Test Detection Times

       Oral Fluid Detection Times

       IMPAIRMENT AND DRUG TESTS

       Drug Tests and DUI

       Marijuana and Auto Accidents

       Accident Studies

       Summary: Interpreting Drug Tests in Light of DUID Accident Studies

       WHAT’S WRONG WITH DRUG TESTING

       Drug Testing – An Inherently Flawed Technology

       Footnotes

      Charts and Graphs

       FIGURE 1: Urine Levels of Marijuana Metabolite

       FIGURE 2: Drug Testing Profiles in First Hours Following Single Use

       FIGURE 3: Urine Testing – Regular Use

       FIGURE 4: Days to Last Drug Positive in 86 Chronic Marijuana Users

       FIGURE 5: Blood Levels of THC & metabolite

       FIGURE 6: U.S. Auto Fatality Rate Declined While Marijuana Use Soared in ‘60s & ‘70’s

       FIGURE 7: Rail Safety and Random Drug Testing – No Evident Benefit

       FIGURE 8: DAWN – Emergency Room Visits Where Drug Use is Reported

       TABLE 1: Drug Testing Methods

       TABLE 2: States with per se DUIC Limits