The Expectant Father. Armin A. Brott

      FRUITS AND VEGGIES

      Eat a rainbow. Well, not really. But your partner (and you, for that matter) should try to eat fruits and vegetables in as wide a variety of colors as you can. Besides helping form red blood cells, green and yellow vegetables (which, strangely enough, include cantaloupe and mango) are excellent sources of iron and vitamins A and B, which will help your partner’s body absorb all that extra protein she’ll be eating. Vitamin A may also help prevent bladder and kidney infections. In addition, these vegetables are an excellent source of folic acid, which we discussed above. The darker the green, the better it is for your partner.

      When it comes to fruit, the more-colorful-the-better rule holds true. Fruits are bursting with all sorts of vitamins and minerals, including antioxidants, which can protect against a variety of diseases and illnesses. Vitamin C is critical to the body’s manufacture of collagen, the stuff that holds tissue together. It also helps ensure the baby’s bone and tooth development. Vitamin D is involved in an amazing number of body functions and not getting enough of it can cause all sorts of problems, including increasing the likelihood that your partner will give birth early, have a C-section, develop gestational diabetes or preeclampsia, or give birth to a baby with skeletal problems. One of the best sources of Vitamin D is sunlight, but talk to her OB about whether she needs a supplement.

      Overall, your partner should have a total of at least seven servings a day of fruits and vegetables.

      CARBS

      Grains (including breads and cereals) are basically fuel for your partner’s body, and she should have at least four servings a day. Since her body will burn the fuel first, if she doesn’t get enough there may not be enough for the baby. Grains are generally low in calories and high in zinc, selenium, chromium, and magnesium—all essential nutrients. They’re also high in fiber, which will help your partner combat the constipating effect of iron supplements. Good sources include whole-grain breads (keep her away from white bread and white rice for a few months if you can), brown rice, fresh potatoes, peas, dried beans, and quinoa.

      Going Organic

      Grocery store shelves are filled with organic everything. But how much of this craze is hype, just another excuse to raise prices? Well, there’s no way to give you an exact statistic, but it seems to make sense that we should try to minimize the amount of pesticides, hormones, antibiotics, and other nasty-sounding gunk that shows up in our food. The Environmental Working Group has a complete list (ewg.org/foodnews/list.php) of the produce items that you and your partner might want to avoid, as well as the ones that pose little or no danger (meaning there’s no sense paying extra for organic). Generally speaking, foods with peels you don’t eat are okay—and the harder the peel, the better. I’ve included a dozen of the worst and the best below. If you can’t stay away from the bad ones, at least wash them very, very carefully.

NO NEED TO BUY ORGANIC	DEFINITELY BUY ORGANIC
Avocado	Asparagus	Apples	Bell peppers
Sweet Corn	Mango	Strawberries	Nectarines
Pineapple	Papaya	Grapes	Cucumbers
Cabbage	Kiwi	Celery	Cherry tomatoes
Onions	Eggplant	Peaches	Snap peas
Sweet Peas	Cantaloupe	Spinach	Potatoes

      WATER

      As if she doesn’t have enough to do already, your partner should try to drink at least eight 8-ounce glasses of water (or unsweetened, noncaffeinated fluids) a day—more if she’s doing a lot of exercise or if she’s pregnant during the summer. This will help her to replace the water she loses when she perspires (which she’ll do more during pregnancy) and to carry away waste products. Keep in mind that at any given moment, about half of the population is walking around somewhat dehydrated, which puts them at increased risk of developing a variety of problems, including kidney stones and urinary tract cancers.

      FATS

Despite all the hype about low- or no-fat diets, the fact is that your partner, like everyone else in the world, needs to consume at least some fat. She’ll probably be getting most of what she needs in the other things she’s eating during the day. But no more than 30 percent of her total caloric intake should come from fat. A diet too rich in fatty foods isn’t good for her or your growing baby-to-be. Monounsaturated fats (avocado, peanuts, almonds, olive oil, canola oil) are best, followed by polyunsaturated fats (margarine, mayonnaise, walnuts). The worst kinds are saturated fats (bacon, lard, butter) and trans fats—basically anything that has the words partially hydrogenated or hydrogenated on the ingredients panel.

      “Is it organic?”

      NUTRITIONAL AND CHEMICAL NO-NOS

      Here’s the deal. Generally speaking, if your partner eats it, drinks it, breathes it, or smells it, so does your growing baby.

      • Cigarettes. When a mother-to-be inhales cigarette smoke, her womb fills with carbon monoxide, nicotine, tar, and resins that inhibit oxygen and nutrient delivery to the baby. Maternal cigarette smoking increases the risk of low-birth-weight babies and miscarriage. There’s also some evidence that paternal smoking (exposing your partner and your baby to secondhand smoke) is just as bad. If you think the baby is somehow protected from your smoke by being inside your partner, or if you think that smoking doesn’t matter this early in the pregnancy, you’re dangerously wrong. Bottom line: if you’re a smoker, quit now. If she is, encourage her to quit and help her any way you can. Interestingly, a lot of men put off quitting—or asking their partners to quit—out of fear that withdrawal might lead to some marital tension. Bad choice. The potential danger to your baby far outweighs the danger to your relationship. Oh, and if you’re thinking of e-cigarettes (and why not? Everything else in our lives seems to have an “e” or an “i” in front of it), think again. While they’re less toxic than tobacco cigarettes, and they cut down on secondhand smoke, they’re hardly safe. Most e-cigs use liquid nicotine, which, besides being addictive, can cause high blood pressure and other heart-related issues in your wife, and can reduce blood flow to the placenta, potentially doing permanent damage to your baby. E-cigs may also contain propylene glycol, which, when heated, can turn into a powerful carcinogen. They also produce nanoparticles, which can irritate the lungs and aggravate asthma and other lung issues.

      Here’s a great example of what happens when people get something only half right. Remember what I said about smoking causing low-birth-weight babies? Well, in Great Britain, smoking during pregnancy—especially among teen girls—is disturbingly common. These young girls somehow got the idea into their head that having a smaller baby would make labor and delivery less painful. What they didn’t understand was that low birth weight is only the beginning. Smoking also increases the odds of miscarriage, birth defects, stillbirth, and premature birth. Babies born too soon have a higher risk of all sorts of problems later in life: respiratory illness, cerebral palsy, mental retardation, and heart problems, just to name a few. And they often go through nicotine withdrawal right after birth, just like crack babies. It also affects the mom, by increasing her risk of developing placental previa (where the placenta covers the opening to the uterus) and placenta abruption (where the placenta separates from the wall of the uterus before