Cross-Curricular Resources for Young Learners. Immacolata Calabrese

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      • pre-teaching vocabulary

      • using age-appropriate vocabulary

      • reinforcing linguistic structures that have already been learnt

      • using visual supports (pictures, flashcards, PowerPoint presentations, etc.), miming, and gestures

      • code-switching (shifting from one language to another as a natural communicative strategy) to explain a concept, overcome a breakdown in communication, or introduce a complex topic

      • constantly checking progress and providing feedback

      • paraphrasing, reformulating, simplifying, and giving examples

      d) Facilitate foreign language production by:

      • allowing children to answer in different ways (from non-verbal answers in the early stages to verbal answers, in both mother tongue and in the foreign language, before gradually progressing to the point where children only answer in the foreign language)

      • using role-play; group work; songs and games

      • making posters, booklets, tables and graphs

      e) Use additional activities common to both the new subject and foreign language learning (investigations, making predictions, experiments, data collection, gap filling, matching games, listening, etc.).