Эмпирические исследования инновационных экономик. Павел Павлов

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      Для аппроксимации объема накопленных в экономике знаний вместо ВВП на душу населения также предлагалось использовать объем накопленных запатентованных разработок: результаты при использовании этих двух показателей сходны между собой.

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      Islam, N. 2003. What have we learnt from the convergence debate? Journal of Economic Surveys, 17 (3), 309–362.

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      По нашему мнению, обеспечение механического прироста ВВП представляет собой весьма вульгарную целевую установку – вспомним об объемах выплавки чугуна, приходящихся на душу населения за очередную пятилетку в СССР.

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      Bronwyn, H.Hall. 2009. The financing of innovative firms. EIB Papers, 14, 2.

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      Brown, J. R., Fazzari, S. М. and Petersen, В. С. 2009. Financing innovation and growth: Cash flow, external equity, and the 1990s R&D boom. Journal of Finance, 64,1,151–185.

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      Savignac, F. 2008. Impact of financial constraints on innovation: What can be learned from a direct measure? Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 17,553–569.

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      Hajivassiliou, V. and Savignac, F. 2008. Financial constraints and a firm’s decision and ability of innovate: Establishing direct and reverse effects. London School of Economics and Banque de France: manuscript.

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      Сапера, A. and Stoneman, Р.2008. Financial constraints to innovation in the

      UK: evidence from CIS2 and CIS3. Oxford Economic Papers, 60, 711–730.

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      Magri, S.2009. The financing of small innovative firms: The Italian case.

      Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 18,181–204.

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      Blass, A. A. and Yosha, О. 2003. Financing R&D in mature companies: An empirical analysis. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 12, 5, 425–447.

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      Rajan, R. G. and Zingales, L. 1998. Financial development and growth. American Economic Review, 88, 3, 558–586.

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      Aghion, P., Fally, T. and Scarpetta, S.2007. Credit constraints as a barrier to the entry and post-entry growth of firms. Economic Policy, October, 731–779.

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      Holtz-Eakin, D., Joulfaian, D. and Rosen, H. S. 1994. Sticking it out: Entrepreneurial survival and liquidity constraints. Journal of Political Economy, 102, 53–75.

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      Bottazzi, Laura. 2009. The role of venture capital in alleviating financial

      constraints of innovative firms, EIB Papers, 14, 2.

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      Lerner, Josh. 1996. The Government as Venture Capitalist: The Long Run Impact of The SBIR Program. NBER Working Paper Series.

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      Lerner, J. 1998. “Angel” financing and public policy: An overview. Journal of Banking & Finance, 22, 773–783.

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      Нао, Kenneth Y., and Adam В. Jaffe. 1993. Effect of Liquidity on Firms’ R&D Spending. Economics of innovation and New Technology, 2, 275–282. Hall, B.,H. 1992. Investment and Research and Development: Does the Source of Financing Matter? Working Paper, 92-194, Department of Economics, University of California at Berkeley. Himmelberg, C.P., and В. C. Petersen. 1994. R&D and Internal Finance: A Panel Study of Small Firms in High-Tech Industries. Review of Economics and Statistic, 76, 38–51.

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      Последующее изложение соответствует логике работы: David, Р. А., Hall, В.Н., Toole, А. А. 2000. Is public R&D a complement or substitute for private R&D? A review of the econometric evidence. Research Policy, Elsevier, 29 (4–5), 497–529, April.

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      Jaffe, A. B. 1989. Real effects of academic research. American Economic Review, 79, 957–970; Adams, J.D. 1990. Fundamental stocks of knowledge and productivity growth. Journal of Political Economy, 98, 673–702; Acs, Z.J., Audretsch, D.B., Feldman, M. P.1991. Real effects of academic research: comment. American Economic Review, 82, 363–367; Toole, A. A. 1999a. Public Research, Public Regulation and Expected Profitability: The Determinants of Pharmaceutical Research and Development Investment. Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research Working Paper, Stanford University; Toole, A. A. 1999b. The contribution of public science to industrial innovation: an application to the pharmaceutical industry. Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research Working Paper, Stanford University.

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      Link, A. N., Scott, J. T. 1998. Public Accountability: Evaluating Technology-Based Institutions. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA; National Research Council. 1999. Funding a Revolution: Government Support for Computing Research, Report of the NRC Computer Science and Telecommunications Board Committee on Innovations in Computing: Lessons from History. National Academy Press, Washington DC.

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      Nelson, R. R. 1959. The simple economics of basic scientific research. The Journal of Political Economy, 67, 297–306.

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      Arrow, K. J. 1962. Economic welfare and the allocation of resources to invention. In: Nelson, R. (Ed.). The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity. Princeton Univ. Press, 609–625.

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      Blank, D. М., Stigler, G. J. 1957. The Demand and Supply of Scientific Personnel. National Bureau of Economic Research, New York.

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      По вопросам механизмов (каналов) влияния фундаментальных исследований см. работы: Leyden, D. Р., Link, А. N. 1991. Why are government and private R&D complements? Applied Economics, 23, 1673–1681; David, P.A., Mowery, D., Steinmueller, E.W. 1992. Analyzing the payoffs from basic research. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 2, 73–90.

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      David, Р.А., Hall, B.H. 1999. Heart of darkness, public – private interactions inside the R&D blackbox. Economics