Applied Biostatistics for the Health Sciences. Richard J. Rossi

      

APPLIED BIOSTATISTICS FOR THE HEALTH SCIENCES

      Second Edition

       RICHARD J. ROSSI

       Montana Tech

       Butte, Montana

This edition first published 2022

      © 2022 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

       Edition History

      John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1e, 2022)

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       Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Names: Rossi, Richard J., 1956- author.

      Title: Applied biostatistics for the health sciences / Richard J. Rossi, Montana Tech, Butte, Montana.

      Description: Second edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2022. | Includes bibliographical references and index.

      Identifiers: LCCN 2021041757 (print) | LCCN 2021041758 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119722694 (hardback) | ISBN 9781119722670 (pdf) | ISBN 9781119722700 (epub) | ISBN 9781119722717 (ebook)

      Subjects: LCSH: Medical statistics. | Statistics. | Biometry.

      Classification: LCC R853.S7 R67 2010 (print) | LCC R853.S7 (ebook) | DDC 610.72–dc23

      LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021041757 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021041758

      Cover image: © Tex vector/Shutterstock

      Cover design by Wiley

      Set in 10/12pt Times-Roman by Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd, Pondicherry, India

Contents

      1  Cover

      2  Title page

      3  Copyright

      4  PREFACE

      5 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO BIOSTATISTICS1.1 What is Biostatistics?1.2 Populations, Samples, and Statistics1.2.1 The Basic Biostatistical Terminology1.2.2 Biomedical Studies1.2.3 Observational Studies Versus Experiments1.3 Clinical Trials1.3.1 Safety and Ethical Considerations in a Clinical Trial1.3.2 Types of Clinical Trials1.3.3 The Phases of a Clinical Trial1.4 Data Set Descriptions1.4.1 Birth Weight Data Set1.4.2 Body Fat Data Set1.4.3 Coronary Heart Disease Data Set1.4.4 Prostate Cancer Study Data Set1.4.5 Intensive Care Unit Data Set1.4.6 Mammography Experience Study Data Set1.4.7 Benign Breast Disease Study1.4.8 Exerbike Data SetsGlossaryExercises

      6 CHAPTER 2 DESCRIBING POPULATIONS2.1 Populations and Variables2.1.1 Qualitative Variables2.1.2 Quantitative Variables2.1.3 Multivariate Data2.2 Population Distributions and Parameters2.2.1 Distributions2.2.2 Describing a Population with Parameters2.2.3 Proportions and Percentiles2.2.4 Parameters Measuring Centrality2.2.5 Measures of Dispersion2.2.6 The Coefficient of Variation2.2.7 Parameters for Bivariate Populations2.3 Probability2.3.1 Basic Probability Rules2.3.2 Conditional Probability2.3.3 Independence2.3.4 The Relative Risk and the Odds Ratio2.4 Probability Models2.4.1 The Binomial Probability Model2.4.2 The Normal Probability Model2.4.3 Z ScoresGlossaryExercises

      7 CHAPTER 3 RANDOM SAMPLING3.1 Obtaining Representative Data3.1.1 The Sampling Plan3.1.2 Probability Samples3.2 Commonly Used Sampling Plans3.2.1 Simple Random Sampling3.2.2 Stratified Random Sampling3.2.3 Cluster Sampling3.2.4 Systematic Sampling3.3 Determining the Sample Size3.3.1 The Sample Size for Simple and Systematic Random Samples3.3.2 The Sample Size for a Stratified Random SampleGlossaryExercises

      8 CHAPTER 4 SUMMARIZING RANDOM SAMPLES4.1 Samples and Inferential Statistics4.2 Inferential Graphical Statistics4.2.1 Bar and Pie Charts4.2.2 Boxplots4.2.3 Histograms4.2.4 Normal Probability Plots4.3 Numerical Statistics for Univariate Data Sets4.3.1 Estimating