Trojan Horse of Western History. Oleg Matveychev

[47] by Ventris and Chadwick provoked a chain reaction in the scientific world. One by one, the studies appeared, reconstructing the Crete and Mycenaean period of ancient history. According to Chadwick’s testimony, 432 articles, brochures and books by 152 writers from 23 countries appeared[48] in the period 1953–1958 alone. These studies demonstrated that linear writing was used in all big centers of Mycenaean Greece as the official writing, and therefore, it was a factor that combined politically different societies in a uniform cultural space. A more important thing was that according to these studied high-level culture and developed political life were there on the Aegean islands of the 2nd millennium B.C.

      Fig. 23. Knossos plates with linear writing B (XV century B.C.)

      Authoritative French historian Paul Fort asserted: “The texts discovered in Knossos, Pylos, Mycenae, Phebe, etc., made it possible, at last, to reconstruct the everyday life of the contemporaries of the Trojan War and even that of a few generations of their predecessors since the 13th century B.C. Due to these, peasants, seamen, handicraftsmen, soldiers, officials once again began speaking and acting. And the golden masks of the Athenian museum became more than simple masks of the dead”.[49]

      The results of decryption of ancient written sources, together with analysis of archaeological finds, served as an additional argument in favour of Finley’s and his predecessor’s hypothesis that the author of the Iliad did not realize customs and everyday life of the Hellenes in the 13[[th]] and 12[[th]] centuries B.C.

      The results of decryption of the Mycenaean written language, along with analysis of the archaeological finds, confirmed that the author of Iliad did not realize customs and everyday life of the Hellenes in the 13th and 12th centuries B.C.

      For the Greek theocratic monarchy in the Trojan War times, the kings were considered as living gods, unapproachable by mere mortals and managing their empires by means of a developed bureaucratic apparatus. According to Homer, the kings were quite close to the people and not devoid of democratic methods of rule.[50]

      Примечания

      1

      Paul Feyerabend, Against Method: Outline of an Anarchist Theory of Knowledge (London, 1975).

      2

      Herodotus, Histories, VII, 43.

      3

      Strabo, Geography, XIII, 26.

      4

      Lucan, Pharsalia, IX, 964–969.

      5

      Ecumene (also spelled oecumene or oikoumene) is a term originally used in the Greco-Roman world to refer to the inhabited universe (or at least the known part of it). The term derives from the Greek οἰκουμένη (oikouménē, the feminine present middle participle of the verb οἰκέω, oikéō, “to inhabit”), short for οἰκουμένη γῆ “inhabited world”. In modern connotat

Примечания

1

Paul Feyerabend, Against Method: Outline of an Anarchist Theory of Knowledge (London, 1975).

2

Herodotus, Histories, VII, 43.

3

Strabo, Geography, XIII, 26.

4

Lucan, Pharsalia, IX, 964–969.

5

Ecumene (also spelled oecumene or oikoumene) is a term originally used in the Greco-Roman world to refer to the inhabited universe (or at least the known part of it). The term derives from the Greek οἰκουμένη (oikouménē, the feminine present middle participle of the verb οἰκέω, oikéō, “to inhabit”), short for οἰκουμένη γῆ “inhabited world”. In modern connotations it refers either to the projection of a united Christian Church or to world civilizations.

6

Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca, Epitome, III, 5.

7

Osip Mandelstam, Stone (N.Y.: Princeton University Press, 1981).

8

A.I. Zaitsev, “Ancient Greek Epos and the Iliad by Homer”, Homer. The Iliad (St. Petersburg: Nauka, 2008); p. 398.

9

Alessandro Baricco, Omero, Iliade (Collana Economica Feltrinelli, Feltrinelli, 2004).

10

L.S. Klein, Bodiless Heroes: Origin of the Images of the Iliad (St. Petersburg: Khudozhestvennaya Literature, 1992); p. 4.

11

Heinrich Alexander Stoll, Der Traum von Troja (Leipzig, 1956).

12

Under the Russian law Heinrich Schliemann and Yekaterina Lyzhina remained married.

13

V.P. Tolstikov, “Heinrich Schliemann and Trojan Archaeology”, The Treasures of Troy. The Finds of Heinricha Schliemann. Exhibiton catalogue (Мoscow: Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts: Leonarde Arte, 1996); p. 18.

14

А.V. Strelkov, “The Legend of Doctor Schliemann” in G. Schliemann, Ilion. The city and country of the Trojans. Vol. 1 (Мoscow: Central Polygraph, 2009); p. 11.

15

D.A. Traill, Excavating Schliemann: Collected Papers on Schliemann (Atlanta, GA: Scholars Press, 1993), p. 40.

16

Seventeen year old Sophia Schliemann was practically bought for 150,000 francs from her uncle, a Greek bishop Teokletos Vimpos.

17

V.P. Tolstikov, “Heinrich Schliemann and Trojan Archaeology”, The Treasures of Troy. The Finds of Heinricha Schliemann. Exhibiton catalogue (Мoscow: Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts: Leonarde Arte, 1996); p. 18.

18

Carl Blegen, Troy and the Trojans (Praeger, 1963).

19

Heinrich Schliemann, Ilios, City and Country of the Trojans (Cambridge University Press, 2010).

20

Actually it was with the publication in 1950 of his epistolary heritage that the perception of Schliemann’s personality began to change. Comparing data from Schliemann’s letters and his autobiography, the researchers found that “the great archaeologist” was lying at every turn.

21

American

48

John Chadwick, The Decipherment of Linear B (Cambridge at the University Press, 1967).

49

Paul Faure, La Grèce au temps de la Guerre de Troie. 1250 avant J.-C. (Paris, Hachette, 1975).

50

The leader of the Achaeans Agamemnon makes key decisions not on his own, but at the Military Council. See Iliad, II, 50–444.