Философия
Различные книги в жанре Философия
«Философия зоологии» Жана Батиста Ламарка: взгляд из XXI века
В книге изложено новое понимание эволюционной доктрины Ламарка. До середины XIX века в языке науки не было понятия наследственности, но было заменяющее понятие природы. Родовые и видовые признаки со времен схоластики рассматривались в качестве существенных и, следовательно, в качестве истинных признаков, описывающих природу организма. Природу в этом смысле противопоставляют изменчивым внутривидовым признакам, которые могут быть классифицированы в отношении того, способны ли они передаваться от родителей детям или нет. Понятие наследственности в качестве описания наследуемой изменчивости было использовано Дарвином в его теории естественного отбора. Ламарковская и дарвиновская модели эволюции, следовательно, имеют разные предметные области. К концу XIX столетия понятие природы (организма) исчезло из языка науки. Как результат, «ключ» для удовлетворительного понимания произведений Ламарка был утерян. Ламарковский подход соответствует положениям физиологической концепции наследственности, имевшей хождение на рубеже XIX-XX веков и ныне получившей развитие в идеях эпигенетики и нового направления «Evo-Devo».
К вопросам о самореализации, или Что такое просветление?
Книга представляет собой разъяснение учения адвайты от Лакшми, создателя и наставника форума «К вопросам о самореализации» (www.selfrealization.info). В своих беседах она раскрывает суть учения мастеров далёкого и недавнего прошлого – Раманы Махарши, Нисаргадатты Махараджа, Падмасамбхавы, Сэкида Кацуки и других. Цель книги – устранить «сорняки» заблуждений и ложных представлений относительно своей собственной природы.Для читателей, интересующихся традициями адвайты, буддизма, дзэна, и другими видами "недвойственных" учений.
50 Voices of Disbelief. Why We Are Atheists
50 Voices of Disbelief: Why We Are Atheists presents a collection of original essays drawn from an international group of prominent voices in the fields of academia, science, literature, media and politics who offer carefully considered statements of why they are atheists. Features a truly international cast of contributors, ranging from public intellectuals such as Peter Singer, Susan Blackmore, and A.C. Grayling, novelists, such as Joe Haldeman, and heavyweight philosophers of religion, including Graham Oppy and Michael Tooley Contributions range from rigorous philosophical arguments to highly personal, even whimsical, accounts of how each of these notable thinkers have come to reject religion in their lives Likely to have broad appeal given the current public fascination with religious issues and the reception of such books as The God Delusion and The End of Faith
A Companion to Derrida
A Companion to Derrida is the most comprehensive single volume reference work on the thought of Jacques Derrida. Leading scholars present a summary of his most important accomplishments across a broad range of subjects, and offer new assessments of these achievements. The most comprehensive single volume reference work on the thought of Jacques Derrida, with contributions from highly prominent Derrida scholars Unique focus on three major philosophical themes of metaphysics and epistemology; ethics, religion, and politics; and art and literature Introduces the reader to the positions Derrida took in various areas of philosophy, as well as clarifying how derrideans interpret them in the present Contributions present not only a summary of Derrida’s most important accomplishments in relation to a wide range of disciplines, but also a new assessment of these accomplishments Offers a greater understanding of how Derrida’s work has fared since his death
The Daily Show and Philosophy. Moments of Zen in the Art of Fake News
An entertaining and insightful examination of the Emmy-award winning American satirical news show, broadcast on Comedy Central in the US, and (in an edited edition) on More4 in the UK and CNN International around the world. Includes discussion of both The Daily Show and its spin-off show, The Colbert Report Showcases philosophers at their best, discussing truth, knowledge, reality and the American Way Highlights the razor sharp critical skills of Jon Stewart and his colleagues Faces tough and surprisingly funny questions about politics, religion, and power head on
A Brief History of Analytic Philosophy. From Russell to Rawls
A Brief History of Analytic Philosophy: From Russell to Rawls presents a comprehensive overview of the historical development of all major aspects of analytic philosophy, the dominant Anglo-American philosophical tradition in the twentieth century. Features coverage of all the major subject areas and figures in analytic philosophy – including Wittgenstein, Bertrand Russell, G.E. Moore, Gottlob Frege, Carnap, Quine, Davidson, Kripke, Putnam, and many others Contains explanatory background material to help make clear technical philosophical concepts Includes listings of suggested further readings Written in a clear, direct style that presupposes little previous knowledge of philosophy
An Awareness of What is Missing. Faith and Reason in a Post-secular Age
In his recent writings on religion and secularization, Habermas has challenged reason to clarify its relation to religious experience and to engage religions in a constructive dialogue. Given the global challenges facing humanity, nothing is more dangerous than the refusal to communicate that we encounter today in different forms of religious and ideological fundamentalism. Habermas argues that in order to engage in this dialogue, two conditions must be met: religion must accept the authority of secular reason as the fallible results of the sciences and the universalistic egalitarianism in law and morality; and conversely, secular reason must not set itself up as the judge concerning truths of faith. This argument was developed in part as a reaction to the conception of the relation between faith and reason formulated by Pope Benedict XVI in his 2006 Regensburg address. In 2007 Habermas conducted a debate, under the title ‘An Awareness of What Is Missing', with philosophers from the Jesuit School for Philosophy in Munich. This volume includes Habermas's essay, the contributions of his interlocutors and Habermas's reply to them. It will be indispensable reading for anyone who wishes to understand one of the most urgent and intractable issues of our time.
Zizek. A Reader's Guide
A comprehensive overview of Slavoj ?i?ek's thought, including all of his published works to date. Provides a solid basis in the work of an engaging thinker and teacher whose ideas will continue to inform philosophical, psychological, political, and cultural discourses well into the future Identifies the major currents in ?i?ek's thought, discussing all of his works and providing a background in continental philosophy and psychoanalytic theory necessary to its understanding Explores ?i?ek's growing popularity through his engagement in current events, politics, and cultural studies Pertains to a variety of fields, including contemporary philosophy, psychology, cultural studies, sociology, political science, esthetics, literary theory, film theory, and theology