Философия
Различные книги в жанре ФилософияThe Legacy of Liberal Judaism
Comparing the liberal Jewish ethics of the German-Jewish philosophers Ernst Cassirer and Hannah Arendt, this book argues that both espoused a diasporic, worldly conception of Jewish identity that was anchored in a pluralist and politically engaged interpretation of Jewish history and an abiding interest in the complex lived reality of modern Jews. Arendt’s indebtedness to liberal Jewish thinkers such as Moses Mendelssohn, Abraham Geiger, Hermann Cohen, and Ernst Cassirer has been obscured by her modernist posture and caustic critique of the assimilationism of her German-Jewish forebears. By reorienting our conception of Arendt as a profoundly secular thinker anchored in twentieth century political debates, we are led to rethink the philosophical, political, and ethical legacy of liberal Jewish discourse.
A Durkheimian Quest
Durkheim, in his very role as a ‘founding father’ of a new social science, sociology, has become like a figure in an old religious painting, enshrouded in myth and encrusted in layers of thick, impenetrable varnish. This book undertakes detailed, up-to-date investigations of Durkheim’s work in an effort to restore its freshness and reveal it as originally created. These investigations explore his particular ideas, within an overall narrative of his initial problematic search for solidarity, how it became a quest for the sacred and how, at the end of his life, he embarked on a project for a new great work on ethics. A theme running through this is his concern with a modern world in crisis and his hope in social and moral reform. Accordingly, the book concludes with a set of essays on modern times and on a crisis that Durkheim thought would pass but which now seems here to stay.
Anyone
The significance that people grant to their affiliations as members of nations, religions, classes, races, ethnicities and genders is evidence of the vital need for a cosmopolitan project that originates in the figure of Anyone – the universal and yet individual human being. Cosmopolitanism offers an alternative to multiculturalism, a different vision of identity, belonging, solidarity and justice, that avoids the seemingly intractable character of identity politics: it identifies samenesses of the human condition that underlie the surface differences of history, culture and society, nation, ethnicity, religion, class, race and gender. This book argues for the importance of cosmopolitanism as a theory of human being, as a methodology for social science and as a moral and political program.
Screwed
A sex-positive, feminist look at female desire, how it is silenced, suppressed, and misrepresented, and what true sexual liberation looks like Combats the misogynist concept of desire as an impulse that originates with men and treats women as its objects Author is the host of Sexplora on ICI Explora and co-creator of feminist web-series Les Brutes on Télé-Québec Addresses inequality within heterosexual relationships
Early Modern Aristotle
A reassessment of how the legacy of ancient philosophy functioned in early modern Europe In his Nicomachean Ethics , Aristotle affirms that despite his friendship with Plato, he was a better friend of the truth. With this statement, he rejected his teacher's authority, implying that the pursuit of philosophy does not entail any such obedience. Yet over the centuries Aristotle himself became the authority par excellence in the Western world, and even notorious anti-Aristotelians such as Galileo Galilei preferred to keep him as a friend rather than to contradict him openly. In Early Modern Aristotle , Eva Del Soldato contends that because the authority of Aristotle—like that of any other ancient, including Plato—was a construct, it could be tailored and customized to serve agendas that were often in direct contrast to one another, at times even in open conflict with the very tenets of Peripatetic philosophy. Arguing that recourse to the principle of authority was not merely an instrument for inculcating minds with an immutable body of knowledge, Del Soldato investigates the ways in which the authority of Aristotle was exploited in a variety of contexts. The stories the five chapters tell often develop along the same chronological lines, and reveal consistent diachronic and synchronic patterns. Each focuses on strategies of negotiation, integration and rejection of Aristotle, considering both macro-phenomena, such as the philosophical genre of the comparatio (that is, a comparison of Aristotle and Plato's lives and doctrines), and smaller-scale receptions, such as the circulation of legends, anecdotes, fictions, and rhetorical tropes («if Aristotle were alive . . .»), all featuring Aristotle as their protagonist. Through the analysis of surprisingly neglected episodes in intellectual history, Early Modern Aristotle traces how the authority of the ancient philosopher—constantly manipulated and negotiated—shaped philosophical and scientific debate in Europe from the fifteenth century until the dawn of the Enlightenment.
Ciphers of Transcendence
The title Ciphers of Transcendence reflects the philosophical interests of Patrick Masterson, Emeritus Professor of Philosophy of Religion, University College Dublin. Transcendence is a millefeuille term conveying layered and diverse nuances, from the first openness of human awareness towards the outside world, to the ultimate affirmation of and commitment to a loving and infinite Transcendent. Patrick Masterson has devoted his philosophical career to reflection upon the unfathomable nature of the latter, seeking to decipher instances and images of transcendence within the realm of limited human experience. Through teaching and writing he has shared with students and readers his deeply personal reflections on questions of primal importance. Patrick Masterson’s colleagues and students – all devoted friends – here offer, in return, their diverse perspectives. The essays deal in one way or another with transcendence, examined in dialogue with a roll call of thinkers across the ages, from ancient authors to medieval masters, modern giants to recent luminaries. The volume is enhanced by the inclusion of an essay by leading contemporary thinker Alasdair MacIntyre, and a poem from Seamus Heaney that evokes across the silence of solitude the tender presence of transcendence.
Беседы о логике. Часть 2 из 2. Беседует Николай Андреев
Беседы о логике. Часть 2 из 2. Какую роль сыграла логика в создании компьютеров и языков программирования? Какие области современной науки и техники также широко используют логические методы? Бывают ли алгоритмически неразрешимые задачи? В чем суть и в чем важность ряда знаменитых «задач тысячелетия» Гильберта? В чем заключается проблема четырех красок и какова история ее «компьютерного доказательства»? Сколько же теорем было у Гёделя и что же они утверждают, а что опровергают? В чем «сила» и в чем «богатство» математических теорий? И, наконец, как Математика устанавливает границы своей собственной применимости? *Математический конгресс в Москве был не в 1964, а в 1966 году. Беседуют: – Лев Дмитриевич Беклемишев, академик РАН, главный научный сотрудник отдела математической логики Математического института им. В. А. Стеклова РАН. – Николай Николаевич Андреев, кандидат физико-математических наук, заведующий лабораторией популяризации и пропаганды математики Математического института им. В. А. Стеклова РАН. Лев Беклемишев – Беседы о логике. Часть 1: youtu.be/M-UQ6LZbEAU Статья Л. Д. Беклемишева «Математика и логика» в сборнике «Математическая составляющая»: book.etudes.ru/toc/mathnlogic/ Друзья, если вы хотите, чтобы наши видеоролики появлялись чаще, поддержите наш некоммерческий проект: nauka-pro.ru/podderzhat-proekt наука, научпоп, математика, лев беклемишев, николай андреев, логика, математическая логика, философская логика
Беседы о логике. Часть 1 из 2. Беседует Николай Андреев
Беседы о логике. Часть 1 из 2. Как зарождалась логика и какой она бывает? Что такое философская и математическая логика и чем они различаются? Как можно доказать отсутствие самой возможности доказательства? Может ли логика быть нечёткой? Что такое модальные логики и в каких практических приложениях они используются? Беседуют: – Лев Дмитриевич Беклемишев, академик РАН, главный научный сотрудник отдела математической логики Математического института им. В. А. Стеклова РАН. – Николай Николаевич Андреев, кандидат физико-математических наук, заведующий лабораторией популяризации и пропаганды математики Математического института им. В. А. Стеклова РАН. Статья Л. Д. Беклемишева «Математика и логика» в сборнике «Математическая составляющая»: book.etudes.ru/toc/mathnlogic/ Лев Беклемишев – Беседы о логике. Часть 2: youtu.be/QPV97L95hmU Друзья, если вы хотите, чтобы наши видеоролики появлялись чаще, поддержите наш некоммерческий проект: nauka-pro.ru/podderzhat-proekt наука, научпоп, математика, логика, математическая логика, философская логика, лев беклемишев, николай андреев, математическая составляющая
The Poverty of Corrupt Nations
The fight to eliminate world poverty is being severely hampered by corrupt leaders in developing countries. According to the African Union, some $150 billion is lost every year to corruption in Africa. In China, it is estimated corruption diminishes the annual value of gross domestic product by 15%. The pattern repeats itself elsewhere. This bleak situation compounds the poverty problem even more because donor countries are justifiably reluctant to support jurisdictions whose leaders are known to be corrupt, ignoring their citizens’ needs while stealing and laundering public funds for private use. What development does occur in chronically corrupt nations is often poorly planned and environmentally unsustainable, since the private gain of corrupt politicians and officials takes precedence over the implementation of sound development strategies. Likewise, bureaucratic corruption also results in the compromising of worker and consumer safety after all, a bribe costs less than obeying the law. And it is the poor who really pay the true cost of corruption. The Poverty of Corrupt Nations is a straightforward, easy-to-read exposition of the nature and scope of global corruption and money laundering, explaining the impact of recent troubling corruption trends on the public-at-large and public policy makers. Specifically, Cullen examines the links between world poverty, corruption, terrorism, global migration patterns, and money laundering. Constructively, Cullen then outlines a practical 20-point program to increase transparency and accountability in governments and parliaments around the world and break this cycle of corruption and poverty.
The Philosopher Responds
Questions and answers from two great philosophers Why is laughter contagious? Why do mountains exist? Why do we long for the past, even if it is scarred by suffering? Spanning a vast array of subjects that range from the philosophical to the theological, from the philological to the scientific, The Philosopher Responds is the record of a set of questions put by the litterateur Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi to the philosopher and historian Abu 'Ali Miskawayh. Both figures were foremost contributors to the remarkable flowering of cultural and intellectual life that took place in the Islamic world during the reign of the Buyid dynasty in the fourth/tenth century. The correspondence between al-Tawhidi and Miskawayh holds a mirror to many of the debates and preoccupations of the time and reflects the spirit of rationalistic inquiry that animated their era. It also provides insight into the intellectual outlooks of two thinkers who were divided as much by their distinctive temperaments as by the very different trajectories of their professional careers. Alternately whimsical and tragic, wondering and brooding, trivial and profound, al-Tawhidi’s questions provoke an interaction as interesting in its spiritedness as in its content. This new edition of The Philosopher Responds is accompanied by the first full-length English translation of this important text, bringing this interaction to life for the English reader.A bilingual Arabic-English edition.