Политика, политология
Различные книги в жанре Политика, политологияToppling Foreign Governments
In 2011, the United States launched its third regime-change attempt in a decade. Like earlier targets, Libya's Muammar Qaddafi had little hope of defeating the forces stacked against him. He seemed to recognize this when calling for a cease-fire just after the intervention began. But by then, the United States had determined it was better to oust him than negotiate and thus backed his opposition. The history of foreign-imposed regime change is replete with leaders like Qaddafi, overthrown after wars they seemed unlikely to win. From the British ouster of Afghanistan's Sher Ali in 1878 to the Soviet overthrow of Hungary's Imre Nagy in 1956, regime change has been imposed on the weak and the friendless. In Toppling Foreign Governments , Melissa Willard-Foster explores the question of why stronger nations overthrow governments when they could attain their aims at the bargaining table. She identifies a central cause—the targeted leader's domestic political vulnerability—that not only gives the leader motive to resist a stronger nation's demands, making a bargain more difficult to attain, but also gives the stronger nation reason to believe that regime change will be comparatively cheap. As long as the targeted leader's domestic opposition is willing to collaborate with the foreign power, the latter is likely to conclude that ousting the leader is more cost effective than negotiating. Willard-Foster analyzes 133 instances of regime change, ranging from covert operations to major military invasions, and spanning over two hundred years. She also conducts three in-depth case studies that support her contention that domestically and militarily weak leaders appear more costly to coerce than overthrow and, as long as they remain ubiquitous, foreign-imposed regime change is likely to endure.
Visas and Walls
Borders traditionally served to insulate nations from other states and to provide bulwarks against intrusion by foreign armies. In the age of terrorism, borders are more frequently perceived as protection against threats from determined individuals arriving from elsewhere. After a deadly terrorist attack, leaders immediately encounter pressure to close their borders. As Nazli Avdan observes, cracking down on border crossings and policing migration enhance security. However, the imperatives of globalization demand that borders remain open to legal travel and economic exchange. While stricter border policies may be symbolically valuable and pragmatically safer, according to Avdan, they are economically costly, restricting trade between neighbors and damaging commercial ties. In Visas and Walls , Avdan argues that the balance between economics and security is contingent on how close to home threats, whether actual or potential, originate. When terrorist events affect the residents of a country or take place within its borders, economic ties matter less. When terrorist violence strikes elsewhere and does not involve its citizens, the unaffected state's investment in globalization carries the day. Avdan examines the visa waiver programs and visa control policies of several countries in place in 2010, including Turkey's migration policies; analyzes the visa issuance practices of the European Union from 2003 until 2015; and explores how terrorism and trade affected states' propensities to build border walls in the post-World War II era. Her findings challenge the claim that border crackdowns are a reflexive response to terrorist violence and qualify globalists' assertions that economic globalization makes for open borders. Visas and Walls encourages policymakers and leaders to consider more broadly the effects of economic interdependence on policies governing borders and their permeability.
Fateful Transitions
As China emerges as a global force in the twenty-first century, questions of how existing great powers will navigate the geopolitical transition loom large. In Fateful Transitions , Daniel M. Kliman revisits historic power shifts to shed light on enduring patterns in international relations, demonstrating that the regime type of ascendant powers greatly influences global interactions. Since the late nineteenth century, the world's major democracies have tended to accommodate or conciliate ascendant democratic states. Certain attributes of democracy, such as a free press and domestic checks and balances, encourage trust during power shifts, whereas closed and autocratic regimes on the ascent tend to produce a cycle of suspicion, competition, and confrontation. Drawing on democratic peace theory and power transition theory, Kliman compares Great Britain's embrace of U.S. ascendancy in the early twentieth century to its confrontational stance toward autocratic Germany and later U.S. mistrust of the Soviet Union. Within this geopolitical context, he evaluates the interactions between China and current great powers, the United States and Japan. Building on this analysis, Kliman offers new insights into the dynamics of power shifts and explores their implications for how today's established and emerging powers can successfully navigate fateful transitions.
Adapting to Win
When insurgent groups challenge powerful states, defeat is not always inevitable. Increasingly, guerrilla forces have overcome enormous disadvantages and succeeded in extending the period of violent conflict, raising the costs of war, and occasionally winning. Noriyuki Katagiri investigates the circumstances and tactics that allow some insurgencies to succeed in wars against foreign governments while others fail. Adapting to Win examines almost 150 instances of violent insurgencies pitted against state powers, including in-depth case studies of the war in Afghanistan and the 2003 Iraq war. By applying sequencing theory, Katagiri provides insights into guerrilla operations ranging from Somalia to Benin and Indochina, demonstrating how some insurgents learn and change in response to shifting circumstances. Ultimately, his research shows that successful insurgent groups have evolved into mature armed forces, and then demonstrates what evolutionary paths are likely to be successful or unsuccessful for those organizations. Adapting to Win will interest scholars of international relations, security studies, and third world politics and contains implications for government officials, military officers, and strategic thinkers around the globe as they grapple with how to cope with tenacious and violent insurgent organizations.
Engineering Revolution
The nonviolent overthrow of Balkan dictator Slobodan Milošević in October 2000 is celebrated as democracy promotion at its best. This perceived political success has been used to justify an industry tasked with «exporting» democracy to countries like Belarus, Ukraine, Tunisia, and Egypt. Yet the true extent of the West's involvement in Milošević's overthrow remained unclear until now. Engineering Revolution uses declassified CIA documents and personal interviews with diplomats, aid providers, and policymakers, as well as thousands of pages of internal NGO documents, to explore what proponents consider one of the greatest successes of the democracy promotion enterprise. Through its in-depth examination of the two decades that preceded and followed Milošević's unseating, as well as its critical look at foreign assistance targeting Serbia's troubled political party landscape, Engineering Revolution upends the conventional wisdom on the effectiveness of democracy promotion in Serbia. Marlene Spoerri demonstrates that democracy took root in Serbia in spite of, not because of, Western intervention—in fact, foreign intervention often hurt rather than helped Serbia's tenuous transition to democracy. As Western governments recalibrate their agendas in the wake of the Arab Spring, this timely book offers important lessons for the democracy promotion community as it sets its sights on the Middle East, former Soviet Union, and beyond.
МК Московский Комсомолец 148-2020
Редакция газеты МК Московский комсомолец
Московский комсомолец – популярная российская газета. Выходит во всех крупных городах России. Ежедневно обновляемые статьи, обзоры, комментарии. Собственная лента новостей. Выходит с 11 декабря 1919 г. Распространяется по всей России, в ближнем зарубежье, в Европе и Америке.Тематика: общественно-политическое издание, органично сочетающее острые социальные и политические материалы, экономические обзоры, городские новости, светскую хронику и развлекательную информацию.
Вечерняя Москва 129-2020
Редакция газеты Вечерняя Москва
«Вечерняя Москва» – ежедневная российская вечерняя газета, старейшее из вечерних изданий в России, учрежденное в 1923 году. Выходит пять дней в неделю, кроме субботы и воскресенья. Отличается тем, что рассказывает о событиях еще не завершившегося дня. Оперативно освещает хронику и особенности жизни Москвы, охватывает все слои общества и большинство профессиональных и возрастных групп читателей.Издание представлено тремя выпусками – утренним ежедневным, вечерним (выходит три раза в неделю), еженедельным (выходит по четвергам).Утром газета рассказывает москвичам о новостях экономики, политики и общества, дает городскую хронику, предлагает аналитику и прогнозы.Вечером на страницах «Вечерки» появляются эксклюзивные интервью ньюсмейкеров культуры и шоу-бизнеса, репортажи журналистов по вечерней Москве, афиша нашего города. Один раз в неделю выходит специальный студенческий вечерний номер.Еженедельный выпуск «Вечерней Москвы» – это значимые события недели, афиша города, новости из сферы отдыха и развлечений, телепрограмма с анонсами и комментариями, авторские колонки журналистов и авторитетные мнения экспертов, детская страничка, специальная рубрика «Золушка», интересные репортажи о необычных судьбах московских жителей, постоянные конкурсы и викторины.«Вечерняя Москва» оперативно информирует жителей мегаполиса об основных проектах мэрии Москвы, обладая прямым доступом к актуальной информации от правительства нашего города.
Практикум по отечественной истории (1945—2000 гг.)
Практикум по отечественной истории предназначен для школьников, студентов, педагогов, а также всех, интересующихся новейшей российской историей. Главная цель практикума – научить учащихся осмысливать и творчески анализировать исторические источники. Практикум позволит углубить знания по истории России второй половины ХХ в., научит плодотворно работать с документами эпохи, поможет сформировать собственное отношение к наиболее сложным, поворотным вехам отечественной истории.
Почему не состоялся коммунизм? (Кто виноват? Что делать? Куда идти?) / Why has the communism still not turned out? (Who is guilty? What should be done? Where to go?)
В своей книге «Почему не состоялся коммунизм?» автор, философ от МГУ, возвращает читателя к научным ценностям марксизма и вносит в них свой посильный вклад. На основе научного понимания человека, установления его основного противоречия он приходит к открытию новой движущей силы общественного развития и видит в ней спасителя не только России, но и всего человечества. Книга рассчитана на широкий круг читателей. In his book «Why has the communism still not turned out?» the author, a philosopher from Moscow State University, appeals to the scientific values of Marxism and makes his contribution to them. Based on the scientific understanding of man, the establishment of his main contradiction, he comes to the discovery of a new driving force of social development and sees it as the Savior not only of Russia, but of all mankind. The book is intended for a wide range of readers.
