Democracy and Liberty. William Edward Hartpole Lecky

Causes that broke it up

       Social and economical convulsions at the Reformation

       The Anabaptists

       Literature of Utopias—More, Campanella, &c

       Socialistic doctrines in Montesquieu

       Rousseau

       Mably

       Morelly and Warville de Brissot

       Economical effects of the French Revolution

       Abolition of the jurandes and communautés

       Anticipated by Turgot

       Rights of property recognised at the Revolution

       Its hostility to all corporate industry

       Attacks on the rich in 1793

       Conspiracy of Babeuf

       Godwin

       Saint-Simon

       His followers

       Their connection with the Suez Canal

       Fourier

       Robert Owen

       His part in primitive co-operative industry

       The Rochdale Pioneers

       Socialist writings in France between 1830 and 1848

       May be traced in Béranger and George Sand

       Lamennais

       Louis Blanc, ‘Organisation du Travail’

       The word ‘Socialism’ invented

       Socialistic character of the Revolution of 1848—Its first measures

       The national workshops

       Paralysis of industry—Depreciation of property—Growing anarchy

       Attempts to dispose of the unemployed workmen

       The Paris insurrection of June

       Hatred of Paris in the provinces

       Socialism produces reaction towards despotism

       The Coup d'État, December 1851

       Socialism in Germany

       The centre of the movement passed from France to Germany

       Lassalle

       Marx—Foundation and progress of his doctrines

       The International

       Bakúnin

       Socialist element in the French Commune

       Decadence of the International

       Programme of the Congress of Gotha, 1875

       Socialists divided about the means of attaining their ends

       The Congress of Wyden

       No real difference in principle between the more and less violent sections

       Marx on Capital

       Criticism of his views—Giffen on English working-class progress

       Leroy-Beaulieu on progress in France

       Wages and moderate fortunes most rapidly increase

       Conditions of working-class prosperity

       Fallacies of Marx—Part played by capital in industry

       Risks in industry

       Its intellectual element

       The elements that contribute to wealth

       Growth of Socialism in Germany

       More slow in France—Profit-sharing industries

       Programme of the Congress of Marseilles, 1879

       Subdivisions of French Socialism

       Economical condition of France not favourable to Socialism

       Yet it has grown rapidly of late years