Orchestrating Europe (Text Only). Keith Middlemas

COPYRIGHT

      William Collins

      An imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers Ltd.

      1 London Bridge Street

      London, SE1 9GF

       www.harpercollins.co.uk

      Copyright © Keith Middlemas, 1995

      Keith Middlemas has asserted the moral right to be identified as the author of this work

      All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the nonexclusive, nontransferable right to access and read the text of this ebook on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse-engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins ebooks

      HarperCollinsPublishers has made every reasonable effort to ensure that any picture content and written content in this ebook has been included or removed in accordance with the contractual and technological constraints in operation at the time of publication

      Source ISBN: 9780002556781

      Ebook Edition © DECEMBER 2016 ISBN: 9780008240660

      Version: 2017-01-06

DEDICATION

       To my grandchildren:Hugo, Georgia, Fabian, Isabella

EPIGRAPH

      It is the duty of the patriot to prefer and promote the exclusive interest and glory of his native country: but a philosopher may be permitted to enlarge his views and to consider Europe as one great republic, whose various inhabitants have attained almost the same level of politeness and cultivation. The balance of power will continue to fluctuate, and the prosperity of our own, or the neighbouring kingdoms, may be alternately exalted or depressed; but these partial events cannot essentially injure our general state of happiness, the system of arts, and laws, and manners, which so advantageously distinguish, above the rest of mankind, the Europeans …

      Edward Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Vol VI, chapter XXXVIII, p. 402 (1818 edition)

      CONTENTS

       Cover

       Title Page

Copyright

Dedication

Epigraph

Introduction

Presidencies and principal Commissioners, relevant to the main themes, since 1981

Presidencies of the Council of Ministers and Meetings of the European Council

The European Integration Experience

       by Richard T. Griffiths

1. 1945–58

2. 1958–73

Part I: History

3. The Stagnant Decade, 1973–83

4. Making the Market: The Single European Act, 1980–88

5. Maastricht and After, 1988–93

       Post Script

       Part II: Forces

       6. The Commission

       7. The Member States

       8. Institutions: The Parliament and the Court of Justice

       9. The Regions

       Part III: Players

       10. Firms and Federations

       11. Players in Action

       12. Policy-Making: Industry and Trade

       Part IV: State without a Country

       13. Unity and Diversity

       14. Conclusion

       Notes

       Glossary of Abbreviations and Acronyms

       Index

       Acknowledgements

       About the Author

       Other Books By

       About the Publisher

INTRODUCTION

      The late 1980s brought a sense of quickening tempo