The Life and Death of Doctor Faustus Made into a Farce. Christopher Marlowe

arlowe

      The Life and Death of Doctor Faustus Made into a Farce

      INTRODUCTION

      According to "Some Account of the Life of Mr. W. Mountfort" prefixed to the collected plays of 1720, William Mountfort, successful playwright and actor, was born "the Son of Captain Mountfort, a Gentleman of a good Family in Staffordshire; and he spent the greatest Part of his Younger Years in that County, without being bred up to any Employment." Since "his Gaiety of Temper and Airy Disposition … could not be easily restrain'd to the solitary Amusements of a Rural Life,"1 he set out to make his fortune in London, and was employed by the Duke's Company at the Dorset Garden Theater. First notice of him appears in the part of the "boy" in The Counterfeits, attributed to John Leanerd, and produced in May, 1678.2

      Mountfort was to win notice as an actor in the part of Talboy in Brome's The Jovial Crew, where as a rejected lover he was called upon for storms of comic tears. In his Apology, Cibber praises Mountfort in this part: "in his Youth, he had acted Low Humour, with great Success, even down to Tallboy in the Jovial Crew"3 and Mountfort himself alluded to his early success in the prologue to his first play, The Injured Lovers, where he defies the critics: "True Talboy to the last I'll Cry and Write."

      Mountfort scored his first major success as an actor when he played the title role in Crowne's Sir Courtly Nice. The play's popularity owed much to Mountfort's acting of a part which recalls Etherege's Sir Fopling Flutter. The "Account" of 1720 says that Mountfort "gain'd a great and deserved Reputation, as a Player; particularly in Acting the part of Sir Courtly Nice," and Cibber, who was later to create the great Sir Novelty Fashion, says of Mountfort's Sir Courtly:

      There his whole Man, Voice, Mien, and Gesture, was no longer Monfort, but another Person. There, the insipid, soft Civility, the elegant, and formal Mien; the drawling delicacy of Voice, the stately Flatness of his Address, and the empty Eminence of his Attitudes were … nicely observ'd.... If, some Years after the Death of Monfort, I my self had any Success, in either of these Characters, I must pay the Debt I owe to his Memory, in confessing the Advantages I receiv'd from the just Idea, and strong Impression he had given me, from his action them (Apology, p. 76).

      In 1686, Mountfort married one of the attractive young actresses then appearing in London, Susanna Percival, and the Mountforts appeared together in a number of plays until his untimely death.

      Mountfort brought his first play, The Injured Lovers: or, The Ambitious Father, a tragedy, to be acted at Drury Lane early in February, 1688. The play was not a great success. Gildon mentions that it "did not succeed as the Author wish'd,"4 although the play was brilliantly cast, with Betterton, Mrs. Bracegirdle, and Mrs. Barry in chief parts. Mountfort himself played second lead to Betterton, and the comedians Leigh, Jevon, and Underhill appeared in boisterous roles. But this rather extravagant account of passion and thwarted love did not take. Such lines as the heroine's "Thy Antelina, she shall be the Pile / On which I'll burn, and as I burn I'll smile," reveals an uncertain poetic talent. In the prologue Mountfort manages more wit:

      JO. Hayne's Fate is now become my Share,

      For I'm a Poet, Marry'd, and a Player:

      The greatest of these Curses is the First;

      As for the latter Two, I know the worst …

      And of the play's fate:

      Damn it who will, Damn me, I'll write again;

      Clap down each Thought, nay, more than I can think,

      Ruin my Family in Pen and Ink.

      And tho' my Heart should burst to see your Spite,

      True Talboy to the last, I'll Cry and Write....

      Unsuccessful at tragedy, Mountfort moved to surer ground, and if tragedy did not sell on the market of the 1680's, farce was surefire. Mountfort's The Life and Death of Doctor Faustus, Made into a Farce … with the Humours of Harlequin and Scaramouche, is a most interesting example of Restoration farce. The Queen's Theater in Dorset Garden was well-fitted for stage spectacle and effect, and Mountfort took advantage of his knowledge of the stage and the contemporary audience to produce an amusing and popular hit. The play was revived in 1697, five years after Mountfort's death, and again in 1724, at a time when, as Borgman tells us (p. 39), The Injured Lovers had been long forgotten.

      Mountfort continued his acting career with great success; he was one of twenty-two men and six women who, on 12 January 1688, were given the position of "Comoedians in Ordinary" to King James, and he acted in a variety of plays, including Shadwell's The Squire of Alsatia, in May, 1688, and Bury Fair, in April, 1689. In Dryden's Don Sebastian, produced in December, 1689, he played the young and noble Don Antonio, described as "the wittiest Woman's toy in Portugal." Although Mountfort was best known for comic roles, he scored a success as Alexander in Nathaniel Lee's The Rival Queens, January, 1690. Cibber says of his Alexander:

      In Tragedy he was the most affecting Lover within my Memory. His Addresses had a resistless Recommendation from the very Tone of his Voice … All this he particularly verify'd in that Scene of Alexander, where the Heroe throws himself at the Feet of Statira for Pardon of his past Infidelities. There we saw the Great, the Tender, the Penitent, the Despairing, the Transported, and the Amiable, in the highest Perfection (Apology, pp. 74-75).

      Mountfort's third play was acted in January, 1690, although it may have been produced as early as December of the previous year. The Successful Strangers, a tragi-comedy, was based on a novel by Scarron, The Rival Brothers. In his Preface, Mountfort confesses, "I am no Scholar, which renders me incapable of stealing from Greek and Latin Authors, as the better Learned have done". The play was a success; its combination of comedy and tragedy appealed to the town, and it was revived several times in the early eighteenth century.

      As Borgman notes (p. 80), Mountfort's acting career peaked in the season of 1690-1691, when he acted nine new roles, eight of which were leads. He also prepared a comedy of his own, Greenwich Park, and assisted in the writing or preparation of three other plays. He assisted Settle with Distress'd Innocence, and his name is linked with two plays by John Bancroft, Edward III and Henry the Second, although his contribution here, if any, is uncertain. The publishers of the collected plays of 1720 note that "we have annex'd, King Edward the Third, and Henry the Second; which tho' not wholly composed by him, it is presum'd he had, at least, a Share in fitting them for the Stage, otherwise it cannot be supposed he would have taken the Liberty of Writing Dedications to them." Borgman says of these plays that Mountfort "doubtless scanned the script with a critical eye and made such changes as would seem necessary to an experienced man of the theater" (p. 90).

      In Greenwich Park, Mountfort scored his greatest success. The comedy is a hilarious mixture of the comedy of manners, humours, and farce. The prologue sounds the dominant motif of the play, that of satiric and energetic sex-intrigue: "At Greenwich lies the Scene, where many a Lass / Has bin Green-gown'd upon the tender Grass." The play hits wittily at fortune-hunters, cits, and old fellows who attempt to ignore their age. There is heavy reference to the contemporary London scene. The comedy was produced in April, 1691, with great success; Gildon says of it: "a very pretty Comedy, and has been always received with general Applause" (Lives and Characters, p. 102). The gay and witty Florella was played by Mrs. Mountfort—who played a part very much like that in which she was so successful previously, Sir Anthony Love. Mrs. Barry played the passionate Dorinda, a promiscuous and mercenary woman who, at one point in the play, cries out in the best tradition of sentimental comedy: "Oh what a Curse 'tis, when for filthy Gain / We affect a Pleasure in a real Pain." Sir Thomas Reveller, the heavy but comic father, was played by Leigh; Nokes and Underhill played comic cits, and Mountfort himself played opposite his wife as Young Reveller. The play was revived repeatedly, and remains a delightful work.

      Mountfort's best

1

Six Plays, written by Mr. Mountfort (London, 1720), 2 volumes. All references to plays other than "Dr. Faustus" are taken from this collection.

2

The substance of my account of Mountfort's life and work is based on Albert S. Borgman, The Life and Death of William Mountfort (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1935).

3

An Apology for the Life of Colley Cibber, ed. B. R. S. Fone (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1968), p. 117.

4

Charles Gildon, The Lives and Characters of the English Dramatick Poets (London, [1698?]), p. 102.