Техническая литература
Различные книги в жанре Техническая литератураPrinciples and Case Studies of Simultaneous Design
There are many comprehensive design books, but none of them provide a significant number of detailed economic design examples of typically complex industrial processes. Most of the current design books cover a wide variety of topics associated with process design. In addition to discussing flowsheet development and equipment design, these textbooks go into a lot of detail on engineering economics and other many peripheral subjects such as written and oral skills, ethics, «green» engineering and product design. This book presents general process design principles in a concise readable form that can be easily comprehended by students and engineers when developing effective flow sheet and control structures. Ten detailed case studies presented illustrate an in-depth and quantitative way the application of these general principles. Detailed economic steady-state designs are developed that satisfy economic criterion such as minimize total annual cost of both capital and energy or return on incremental capital investment. Complete detailed flow sheets and Aspen Plus files are provided. Then conventional PI control structures are be developed and tested for their ability to maintain product quality during disturbances. Complete Aspen Dynamics files are be provided of the dynamic simulations.
Technische Rheologie in Beispielen und Berechnungen
In der chemisch-technischen Industrie werden zunehmend Stoffe verarbeitet, die besondere viskoelastische Eigenschaften aufweisen und sich gegenuber «normalen» Newtonschen Flussigkeiten au?ergewohnlich verhalten. Hierzu gehoren u.a. Losungen und Schmelzen polymerer Medien, hochmolekulare Ole und verschiedene Suspensionen. Diese Substanzen stellen oft eine Herausforderung fur die Forderung und Verarbeitung in Apparaten und Anlagen dar. Mit diesem Praktikerbuch gibt Rudiger Worthoff dem Leser ein Werkzeug an die Hand, das es ihm ermoglicht, das Stoffverhalten in der Praxis mittels mathematischer Berechnungen einzuschatzen. Nach einer kurzen Einfuhrung der theoretischen Grundlagen werden anhand von konkreten Fragen und Antworten die Probleme der modernen technischen Rheologie und deren Berechenbarkeit erortert. Das Kapitel Rheometrie behandelt die Messtechniken und Bestimmung rheologischer Parameter. Die anderen Kapitel widmen sich den Stromungen in verschiedenen Geometrien. Die Vorstellung thermischer Effekte und Warmeubertragungsprozesse in der Rheologie runden den Inhalt ab. Ein Glossar am Buchende sowie Verstandnisfragen und Losungen zu jedem Kapitel helfen das Gelernte zu vertiefen. Unentbehrlich fur jeden Chemieingenieur, Verfahrenstechniker und Kunststofftechnologen in Studium und Beruf.
Surfaces and Interfaces of Electronic Materials
An advanced level textbook covering geometric, chemical, and electronic structure of electronic materials, and their applications to devices based on semiconductor surfaces, metal-semiconductor interfaces, and semiconductor heterojunctions. Starting with the fundamentals of electrical measurements on semiconductor interfaces, it then describes the importance of controlling macroscopic electrical properties by atomic-scale techniques. Subsequent chapters present the wide range of surface and interface techniques available to characterize electronic, optical, chemical, and structural properties of electronic materials, including semiconductors, insulators, nanostructures, and organics. The essential physics and chemistry underlying each technique is described in sufficient depth with references to the most authoritative sources for more exhaustive discussions, while numerous examples are provided throughout to illustrate the applications of each technique. With its general reading lists, extensive citations to the text, and problem sets appended to all chapters, this is ideal for students of electrical engineering, physics and materials science. It equally serves as a reference for physicists, material science and electrical and electronic engineers involved in surface and interface science, semiconductor processing, and device modeling and design. This is a coproduction of Wiley and IEEE * Free solutions manual available for lecturers at www.wiley-vch.de/supplements/
Nanophysics of Solar and Renewable Energy
This easy accessible textbook provides an overview of solar to electric energy conversion, followed by a detailed look at one aspect, namely photovoltaics, including the underlying principles and fabrication methods. Professor Wolf, an experienced author and teacher, reviews such green technologies as solar-heated-steam power, hydrogen, and «artificial leaf» approaches, as well as nuclear fusion. Throughout the book, carefully chosen, up-to-date examples are used to illustrate important concepts and research tools. The opening chapters give a broad and exhaustive survey of long term energy resources, reviewing current and potential types of solar driven energy sources. The core part of the text on solar energy conversion discusses different concepts for generating electric power, followed by a profound presentation of the underlying semiconductor physics and rounded off by a look at efficiency and third-generation concepts. The concluding section offers a rough analysis of the economics relevant to the large-scale adoption of photovoltaic conversion with a discussion of such issues as durability, manufacturability and cost, as well as the importance of storage. The book is self-contained so as to be suitable for students with introductory calculus-based courses in physics, chemistry, or engineering. It introduces concepts in quantum mechanics, atomic and molecular physics, plus the solid state and semiconductor junction physics needed to attain a quantitative understanding of the current status of this field. With its comments on economic aspects, it is also a useful tool for those readers interested in a career in alternative energy.
In-situ Synthesis of Polymer Nanocomposites
The book series «Polymer Nano-, Micro- and Macrocomposites» provides complete and comprehensive information on all important aspects of polymer composite research and development, including, but not limited to synthesis, filler modification, modeling, characterization as well as application and commercialization issues. Each book focuses on a particular topic and gives a balanced in-depth overview of the respective subfi eld of polymer composite science and its relation to industrial applications. With the books the readers obtain dedicated resources with information relevant to their research, thereby helping to save time and money. In-situ intercalative polymerization in the presence of filler provides distinct advantages when compared to other nanocomposite synthesis techniques including the possibility to polymerize a large range of thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers, improved handling of gaseous or liquid monomers or high pressure polymerization and improved control of heat of polymerization. This volume aims to highlight these advantages of the generation of polymer nanocomposites with a large spectrum of polymer matrices. Following an overview of the synthesis methodologies, the text goes on to discuss the most relevant polymer materials, including polyamides, polyolefi nes, polyacrylates, polyethylenes, polyurethanes, polyesters and polyepoxides.
Food Stabilisers, Thickeners and Gelling Agents
Stabilisers, thickeners and gelling agents are extracted from a variety of natural raw materials and incorporated into foods to give the structure, flow, stability and eating qualities desired by consumers. These additives include traditional materials such as starch, a thickener obtained from many land plants; gelatine, an animal by-product giving characteristic melt-in-the-mouth gels; and cellulose, the most abundant structuring polymer in land plants. Seed gums and other materials derived from sea plants extend the range of polymers. Recently-approved additives include the microbial polysaccharides of xanthan, gellan and pullulan. This book is a highly practical guide to the use of polymers in food technology to stabilise, thicken and gel foods, resulting in consistent, high quality products. The information is designed to be easy to read and assimilate. New students will find chapters presented in a standard format, enabling key points to be located quickly. Those with more experience will be able to compare and contrast different materials and gain a greater understanding of the interactions that take place during food production. This concise, modern review of hydrocolloid developments will be a valuable teaching resource and reference text for all academic and practical workers involved in hydrocolloids in particular, and food development and production in general.
Supply Chain Performance and Evaluation Models
This book presents the different models of supply chain performance evaluation for global supply chains. It describes why it is necessary to evaluate global performance both to assess the contribution of the supply chain to achieve the goals of creating value throughout the chain and also to meet customer requirements in terms of time, responsiveness and reliability. The author provides an understanding of how evaluation models are chosen according to criteria including the level of maturity of the organization, the level of decision-making and the level of value creation desired.
Chemistry and Technology of Emulsion Polymerisation
Chemistry and Technology of Emulsion Polymerisation 2e provides a practical and intuitive explanation of emulsion polymerization, in combination with both conventional and controlled radical polymerization. For those working in industry, coupling theory with everyday practice can be difficult. By carefully explaining the principles of the reaction, based on well-designed experimental investigation, the book explains how the principles relate to practical application. The second edition of this book includes a new chapter on morphology of latex particles, a rapidly progressing area where modelling the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of phase separation and morphology has developed into a mature and powerful tool to predict and control morphology of latex particles. Another area that is rapidly progressing is the application of controlled radical polymerisation in emulsion polymerization. Controlled radical polymerisation is used in aiding encapsulation of inorganic particles like pigment particles and clay platelets. These latest developments are included in the second edition.
Control of Non-conventional Synchronous Motors
Classical synchronous motors are the most effective device to drive industrial production systems and robots with precision and rapidity. However, numerous applications require efficient controls in non-conventional situations. Firstly, this is the case with synchronous motors supplied by thyristor line-commutated inverters, or with synchronous motors with faults on one or several phases. Secondly, many drive systems use non-conventional motors such as polyphase (more than three phases) synchronous motors, synchronous motors with double excitation, permanent magnet linear synchronous motors, synchronous and switched reluctance motors, stepping motors and piezoelectric motors. This book presents efficient controls to improve the use of these non-conventional motors. Contents 1. Self-controlled Synchronous Motor: Principles of Function and Simplified Control Model, Francis Labrique and François Baudart. 2. Self-controlled Synchronous Motor: Dynamic Model Including the Behavior of Damper Windings and Commutation Overlap, Ernest Matagne. 3. Synchronous Machines in Degraded Mode, Damien Flieller, Ngac Ky Nguyen, Hervé Schwab and Guy Sturtzer. 4. Control of the Double-star Synchronous Machine Supplied by PWM Inverters, Mohamed Fouad Benkhoris. 5. Vectorial Modeling and Control of Multiphase Machines with Non-salient Poles Supplied by an Inverter, Xavier Kestelyn and Éric Semail. 6. Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Machines, Nicolas Patin and Lionel Vido. 7. Advanced Control of the Linear Synchronous Motor, Ghislain Remy and Pierre-Jean Barre. 8. Variable Reluctance Machines: Modeling and Control, Mickael Hilairet, Thierry Lubin and Abdelmounaïm Tounzi. 9. Control of the Stepping Motor, Bruno Robert and Moez Feki . 10. Control of Piezoelectric Actuators, Frédéric Giraud and Betty Lemaire-Semail.
Transmission Electron Microscopy in Micro-nanoelectronics
Today, the availability of bright and highly coherent electron sources and sensitive detectors has radically changed the type and quality of the information which can be obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEMs are now present in large numbers not only in academia, but also in industrial research centers and fabs. This book presents in a simple and practical way the new quantitative techniques based on TEM which have recently been invented or developed to address most of the main challenging issues scientists and process engineers have to face to develop or optimize semiconductor layers and devices. Several of these techniques are based on electron holography; others take advantage of the possibility of focusing intense beams within nanoprobes. Strain measurements and mappings, dopant activation and segregation, interfacial reactions at the nanoscale, defect identification and specimen preparation by FIB are among the topics presented in this book. After a brief presentation of the underlying theory, each technique is illustrated through examples from the lab or fab.