The Connecticut Prison Association and the Search for Reformatory Justice. Gordon S. Bates

      

      THE CONNECTICUT PRISON ASSOCIATION AND THE SEARCH FOR REFORMATORY JUSTICE

       A DRIFTLESS CONNECTICUT SERIES BOOK

      This book is a 2015 selection in the Driftless Connecticut Series, for an outstanding book in any field on a Connecticut topic or written by a Connecticut author.

      THE CONNECTICUT PRISON ASSOCIATION AND THE SEARCH FOR REFORMATORY JUSTICE

      Gordon S. Bates

      WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY PRESS

      Middletown, Connecticut

      Wesleyan University Press

      Middletown CT 06459

       www.wesleyan.edu/wespress

      © 2017 Gordon S. Bates

      All rights reserved

      Manufactured in the United States of America

      Designed by Richard Hendel

      Typeset in Utopia and Aller types by

      Tseng Information Systems, Inc.

      The Driftless Connecticut Series is funded by the BEATRICE FOX AUERBACH FOUNDATION FUND at the Hartford Foundation for Public Giving.

      Hardcover ISBN: 978-0-8195-7676-7

      Ebook ISBN: 978-0-8195-7677-4

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Names: Bates, Gordon S., author.

      Title: The Connecticut Prison Association and the search for reformatory justice / Gordon S. Bates.

      Description: Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, [2017] | Series: Driftless Connecticut series | Includes bibliographical references and index.

      Identifiers: LCCN 2016023302 (print) | LCCN 2016036371 (ebook) | ISBN 9780819576767 (cloth: alk. paper) | ISBN 9780819576774 (ebook)

      Subjects: LCSH: Prisons—Connecticut—History. | Prison administration—Connecticut—History. | Corrections—Connecticut—History. | Criminal justice, Administration of—Connecticut—History. | Connecticut Prison Association.

      Classification: LCC HV9475.C8 B38 2017 (print) | LCC HV9475.C8 (ebook) | DDC 365/.974606—dc23

      LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016023302

      5 4 3 2 1

      Cover illustration: Richard Celso, A Matter of Trust, 2011. Courtesy of the Community Partners in Action Program.

       CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION Two Faces of Justice	1
ONE	Connecticut’s Cultural Context, 1875	9
TWO	From Newgate Prison to Wethersfield State Prison, 1775–1875	43
THREE	Rehabilitation Rekindled, 1875–1910	75
FOUR	Continuity and Regression, 1910–1933	119
FIVE	Reform during the Maltbie Era, 1933–1960	167
SIX	The Culmination of Progressive Reform, 1960–1970	216
SEVEN	Rehabilitation’s Last Hurrah, 1970–1980	268
EIGHT	The Return of Retributive Justice, 1980–1990	337
NINE	The Legacies of Retribution, 1990–2000	388
EPILOGUE Five Critical Questions	431
Acknowledgments	453
Notes	455
References	479
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