Riverview Hospital for Children and Youth. Richard J. Wiseman

to stay in a guesthouse. Leonard spent the days and several nights on and off the wards and described meeting “some real good, down-to-earth, competent psychiatric aides at two and three in the morning,” but the Beers Hall facility was an “awful, awful, terrible place—even the toilets were awful, stinky.”¹⁴

      Another major step in the unification of the children’s programs was the assignment of psychiatric residents. According to Gewirtz, “Previously … kids on different wards … were assigned to whoever worked on that ward. Each ward had its own personnel. Now residents were responsible to me—not for clinical supervision but more administrative, general strategies around kids. This was historically a first for psychiatrists to come under a non-physician.”¹⁵

      Fragmentation had been true in all other disciplines—significantly nursing, which, of course, included all nurses and psychiatric aides. Nursing the hospital’s largest department. The hospital structure included a nurse supervisor for males and one for females, each reporting to a director of nursing. In order to add a nurse supervisor for children’s services, Gewirtz established a new position, director of group living, reporting directly to him as director of the Children’s Unit. With this new title, Louise Nelson had more direct responsibility to children’s services and its administration. She therefore became a pivotal person in the program. Also, John Thomas, the medical director of High Meadows, in Hamden, became a consultant. This added to the political pressure for unification of child services. Gewirtz explains:

      It had political implications because everyone was looking to see what was going on. It was very shaky yet. At that point, Lou Perlman completed his residency and came on to help run the children’s services. He started as co-director. There were a lot of problems, however. I thought it could work out because we were good friends. I was looking forward to his coming. We handled it by splitting our domains. Lou had the clinical side and the ward, and I took the outside work (administrative, politicking, etc.). It didn’t work out. Lou became appointed director, and I became assistant director. There were a couple of reasons for that. One had to do with a letter I sent to a doctor in New York…. The guy was a big name in the field who talked to Bloomberg [then commissioner of mental health], who called Dr. Whiting, and people were very upset with me. Bloomberg went on to say, “I think we need a medical person there,” so I left, primarily because of that. The idea of co-directors was too problematic. Factions developed; there were too many process struggles. It turned out that Lou Perlman didn’t stay long either. I think he didn’t really want the administrative responsibilities.¹⁶

      The original planning for the construction of the new Children’s Unit began in the early 1960s, soon after the children moved to CVH. Charles Leonard remembers driving out to the site of the Silvermine Building. Sydney Finkelstein, a member of the hospital’s advisory board, accompanied Leonard. They were sitting on the hillside and looking over the Connecticut River and Middletown hills when Charles said to himself, “This is it, envisioning a beautiful setting for a residential treatment center.”¹⁷

      And so on 25 April 1963, a report entitled “Proposed Future Hospital Recommendations for Children’s Services” was finalized. It documents the plan:

      We wish to move as rapidly as possible towards the establishment of an integrated Children’s Residential Treatment Program under one roof. This would allow children to be evaluated, treated and cared for in the setting of the program designed specifically to meet their needs and carried out by the same professional staff at all levels. It is our opinion that a physically separate children’s center or section removed from the main stream of the adult therapeutic units is necessary for a well rounded, effective and adequate functioning children’s program in all respects.¹⁸

      By the end of 1963, administrative integration had been accomplished for girls and boys. Louise Nelson acted as nurse supervisor, and eight new employees were on board. The Children’s Unit was finally a separate service, and the new Connecticut Valley School had been opened. The superintendent’s report for that year quips, “The children celebrated the opening of the school by setting off the fire alarm six minutes after the formal opening, much to everyone’s consternation.”¹⁹

      Oh, well! School commenced with some seventy children attending.

      THE NEW CHILDREN’S UNIT (TEMPORARY) SCHOOL

      In 1962, when children were first brought together at Connecticut Valley Hospital, planners envisioned and built a separate one-story school building.

      Thirteen teachers were hired, including part-time physical education teacher Eunice Wiseman and a full-time physical education teacher, Jack O’Day. Eunice describes her experience:

      I started at the Children’s Unit in 1962 as a part-time physical education teacher. I was told I could take the children each day to either the gym or to the pool. Or I could do whatever I wanted with them. Sometimes I would go and get the children and they wouldn’t be ready. The staff would be playing cards, and I would have to round up the kids and get their stuff and take them to the gym or the pool. Then there was a skating rink and once a week I took them there. One day Jack said, “This is your day to take the van.”

      I said, “The van?”

      “Yes, the van. You can take the kids wherever you want to take them.”

      So I started field trips—to the farm, to the bakery, to different places—so we could make interesting experiences. I told the kids when they got in the van, “You better be good because I have to drive and I don’t want any distractions.” They were always good for me.

      One of the things I accomplished working there was to convince the superintendent that the kids should be drinking milk. The adults had milk but the children did not. So I went to the superintendent’s office and I told him the children should be getting a pint of milk each day. Finally they agreed with me and so the children started getting milk.

      The children were not supervised well. I had children that were bigger than I was that had grand mal seizures. One day one of the girls had a seizure on the steps into the pool. Had we been in the pool, I was not told how I could deal with the child. Fortunately, it was on the steps and I called and they sent an ambulance.²⁰

      Eventually they hired a principal, Irving Renn, and a few more teachers. Two of those teachers, Betty Flynn, a math teacher, and Willie Fuqua, a music teacher, both fresh out of school, were hired on the same day in the early 1960s (and both retired on the same day in the late ’90s). Until the school was built, teaching took place either on the ward or in small rooms.

      Robert Miller, chief of professional services of CVH, was hopeful in his year-end report: “[D]uring the coming quarter, we believe that our efforts should be directed toward unification of the service administratively with the goal of integrative planning.”²¹

      In 1964 Suzanne Peplow, a social worker, became co-director with Lou Perlman. Lou assumed the clinical responsibilities and Suzanne took over the managerial/administrative duties. This collaboration lasted for a short time. Lou resigned to take a position elsewhere, and Robert Miller assumed Perlman’s duties in addition to his own. Joyce Aksu was appointed supervisor of group living, replacing Louise Nelson.

      Marcia Pease-Grant started as an intern at CVH and later became social work supervisor—a role she held until her retirement in 1995. Marcia tells about her early days at the Children’s Unit:

      June 1964: I was hired by the State of Connecticut for $6,000 a year and worked mainly on the Children’s Unit at CVH. The ’60s were a time of political stability under Governor Dempsey and the Democrats. Human services were in vogue, and social workers were in demand. The boys’ ward was in Beers Hall, the girls’ ward was in Dix Hall, and the staff offices were in Shew Hall. These buildings were very old and dark even then, and were condemned within a few years. There were forty boys on one locked ward, their gray metal beds alternating with gray metal cabinets, lined in neat rows in one very large room. The outside wall was covered with large windows, but had thick safety screens, which kept out the light. There was a television room and a large screened sunporch, like a cage, on the second floor of the building. There was one large bathroom with exposed pipes,