Plant Pathology and Plant Pathogens. John A. Lucas

10 Host–Pathogen Specificity Types of Specificity Microbial and Plant Elicitors of Defense A Unifying Concept: Pathogen Effectors and Plant Immunity Genes for Pathogen Recognition and Resistance Conclusion Further Reading

      7  Part III: Disease Management 11 Disease Management by Chemicals The Evolution of Fungicides Mode of Action of Fungicides Control by Gene Silencing Fungicide Resistance The Future of Fungicides Further Reading 12 Disease Management by Host Resistance Breeding for Disease Resistance Resistance in the Field Biotechnology and Breeding for Disease Resistance Future Prospects for Crop Resistance to Pathogens Conclusion Further Reading 13 Biological Control of Plant Disease Cultural Practices and Disease Control Biological Control Further Reading 14 An Integrated Approach to Disease Management Integrated Control of Plant Disease Integration of Fungicides with Host Resistance Prolonging the Effectiveness of Host Resistance and Fungicides Integration of Cultural and Biological Measures Making Decisions The Impact of New Technology – Digital Agriculture The Impact of Biotechnology and Genomics Designing Future Farms The Technology Gap Further Reading

      8  Appendix 1: Annotated List of Pathogens and the Diseases they Cause

      9  Appendix 2: Reference Sources for Figures

      10  Index

      11  End User License Agreement

      List of Tables

      1 Chapter 1Table 1.1 Symptoms of disease in plantsTable 1.2 Angiosperms parasitic on other higher plantsTable 1.3 Natural and agricultural plant communities comparedTable 1.4 Some impacts of plant diseaseTable 1.5 Some examples of the impacts of specific plant diseasesTable 1.6 Estimated losses (%) due to weeds, pests, and diseases in six major...Table 1.7 Estimates of postharvest losses likely to occur in the absence of e...

      2 Chapter 2Table 2.1 Main characteristics of necrotrophic and biotrophic pathogens.Table 2.2 Some parameters used to measure aggressivenessTable 2.3 Hypothetical interaction between four host cultivars and four patho...

      3 Chapter 3Table 3.1 Higher plants and animals compared as hostsTable 3.2 Some important oomycete plant pathogensTable 3.3 Main genera of plant‐pathogenic bacteria and some example species a...Table 3.4 Virus groups based on genome type (International Committee on Taxon...Table 3.5 Mechanisms maintaining variation in pathogen populations. The numbe...Table 3.6 Virus–vector relationships, based on insects in the order HemipteraTable 3.7 Survival of sclerotia ofSclerotium cepivorum buried at different de...

      4 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Properties of an ideal diagnostic testTable 4.2 Molecular and biochemical diagnostic methods for pathogen detection...Table 4.3 Effect of take‐all on yield components of winter wheatTable 4.4 Factors important in the development of meteorological forecasting ...

      5 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Some features of monocyclic and polycyclic epidemics

      6 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Some modes of growth of pathogens in host plants

      7 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Some extracellular enzymes produced by plant pathogensTable 8.2 Some toxins involved in plant diseaseTable 8.3 Some pathogens which cause abnormal growth in the host plant

      8 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Some plant proteins that confer resistance to pests and pathogensTable 9.2 Some cell wall changes occurring in response to infectionTable 9.3 Some features of phytoalexinsTable 9.4 Some families ofpathogenesis‐related (PR) proteinsTable 9.5 Some characteristics of systemic acquired resistance (SAR)

      9 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Some examples of host–pathogen specificityTable 10.2 Some elicitors of plant immune responsesTable 10.3 Some examples of pathogen effectors and their interactions with pl...Table 10.4 Some examples of microbial polymers recognized by plants, and thei...Table