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Replicating and Repairing the Genome provides a concise overview of the fields of DNA replication and repair. The book is particularly appropriate for graduate students and advanced undergraduates, and scientists entering the field or working in related fields. The breadth of information regarding DNA replication and repair is vast and often difficult to absorb, with terminology that differs between experimental systems and with complex interconnections of these processes with other cellular pathways. This book provides simple conceptual descriptions of replication and repair pathways using mostly generic protein names, laying out the logic for how the pathways function and highlighting fascinating aspects of the underlying biochemical mechanisms and biology. The book incorporates extensive and informative diagrams and figures, as well as descriptions of a number of carefully chosen experiments that had major influences in the field. The process of DNA replication is explained progressively by starting with the system of a simple bacterial virus that uses only a few proteins, followed by the well-understood bacterial ( E coli ) system, and then culminating with the more complex eukaryotic systems. In the second half of the book, individual chapters cover key areas of DNA repair — postreplication repair of mismatches and incorporated ribonucleotides, direct damage reversal, excision repair, and DNA break repair, as well as the related areas of DNA damage tolerance (including translesion DNA polymerases) and DNA damage responses. The book closes with chapters that describe the huge impact of DNA replication and repair on aspects of human health and on modern biotechnology. Contents: The Challenges of Maintaining and Duplicating the GenomeThe Simple DNA Replication System of a Bacterial VirusThe Highly Efficient Replication System of BacteriaEukaryotic DNA ReplicationReplication Dynamics — Initiating, Regulating and Terminating Cellular DNA ReplicationPostreplication Repair of Mismatches and RibonucleotidesDNA Topology and the Enzymes That Alter ItDNA Damage — A Persistent Threat to the GenomeDirect Reversal of DNA DamageExcision Repair — Taking Advantage of the Complementary StrandRepair of Double-Strand BreaksDNA Damage Tolerance and Translesion DNA PolymerasesDNA Damage Response PathwaysDNA Replication and Repair in Human DiseaseEnzymes of DNA Replication and Repair Fuel Modern Genomic Technologies Readership: Graduate students, advanced undergraduates and scientists in the field of oncology/cancer biology.Replication;DNA Repair;Recombination;DNA;Biotechnology;Basic Research;DNA Damage;DNA Polymerase;DNA Helicase;Topoisomerase0 Key Features: As described above, the book provides a broad overview of the fields of DNA replication and repair without diving deeply into the many complexities of mechanism and terminology that are common in review articles and other books in these areas. The book carefully builds up a sophisticated understanding of the detailed mechanisms in replication and repair by introducing simple systems first, and adding layers of complexity without resorting to excessive technical jargon. Throughout the book, mechanisms and principles are illustrated with informative Figures and TablesThe process of discovery in science and the construction of informative and rigorous experiments are, for many, the most compelling aspects of being a scientist. In this book, experimental approaches are integrated into the text at times, and also augmented with side boxes that illustrate particularly interesting and/or historically important experiments. These side boxes are called «How was that tested?», and a subset illustrate the progression of scientific methodology with a «Then and Now» theme. Side boxes also highlight experimental findings that resulted in Nobel Prizes. These various side boxes are very useful when the book is adopted for a course — the course work can expand on the side box by discussing more of the experiments in that particular study, they can be used as an introduction to modern technologies in genetics, biochemistry and cell biology, and they can be used as jumping-off points for student presentations (oral or written) or for group discussionsThe author is an accomplished scientist/educator who has published over 100 research articles in the fields of DNA replication and repair, funded by extensive research grants from the NIH and other agencies. Dr Kreuzer is a Fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He has mentored high school, college, graduate and post-graduate students, and has taken a very active role in recruiting and mentoring students from underrepresented groups. Most relevant to this book, Dr Kreuzer has taught the principles of DNA replication and repair to undergraduate, graduate and medical students during his 30-year career at Duke University. In honor of his teaching and mentoring, he won the first Duke University Faculty Award for Graduate Teaching in the Basic Biomedical Sciences (2001)
Biharmonic Submanifolds And Biharmonic Maps In Riemannian Geometry
The book aims to present a comprehensive survey on biharmonic submanifolds and maps from the viewpoint of Riemannian geometry. It provides some basic knowledge and tools used in the study of the subject as well as an overall picture of the development of the subject with most up-to-date important results. Biharmonic submanifolds are submanifolds whose isometric immersions are biharmonic maps, thus biharmonic submanifolds include minimal submanifolds as a subclass. Biharmonic submanifolds also appeared in the study of finite type submanifolds in Euclidean spaces. Biharmonic maps are maps between Riemannian manifolds that are critical points of the bienergy. They are generalizations of harmonic maps and biharmonic functions which have many important applications and interesting links to many areas of mathematics and theoretical physics. Since 2000, biharmonic submanifolds and maps have become a vibrant research field with a growing number of researchers around the world, with many interesting results have been obtained. This book containing basic knowledge, tools for some fundamental problems and a comprehensive survey on the study of biharmonic submanifolds and maps will be greatly beneficial for graduate students and beginning researchers who want to study the subject, as well as researchers who have already been working in the field. Contents: Differentiable ManifoldsRiemannian and Pseudo-Riemannian ManifoldsSubmanifoldsBiharmonic Curves and Surfaces in Pseudo-Euclidean SpacesSome Progress on Chen's Biharmonic ConjectureSome Progress on Generalized Chen's ConjectureBiharmonic Submanifolds in SpheresBiharmonic Submanifolds in Some Other Model SpacesHarmonic Maps and Their GeneralizationsBiharmonic Maps Between Riemannian ManifoldsBiharmonic Conformal MapsSecond Variation of Bienergy, Liouville-type and Unique Continuation Theorem Readership: Graduate students and researchers from the fields of geometry and analysis.Biharmonic Submanifolds;Biharmonic Maps, Riemannian Geometry;Chen's Conjecture on Biharmonic Submanifolds;Generalized Chen's Conjecture on Biharmonic Submanifolds;Biharmonic Submanifolds in Spheres;Harmonic Maps;p-harmonic Maps;Infinity Harmonic Maps;f-harmonic Maps, F-harmonic Maps;Biharmonic Maps between Surfaces;Biharmonic Maps into Spheres;Equivariant Biharmonic Maps;Stable Biharmonic Maps;f-biharmonic Maps;Conformal Biharmonic Maps;Biharmonic Conformal Immersions;Biharmonic Riemannian Submersions;Second Variation of Bienergy;Liouville-type Theorems;Unique Continuation Theorems;Minimal Submanifolds;f-Minimal Hypersurfaces0 Key Features: Written by two experts in the subject, this is the first book that gives acomprehensive survey on the study of biharmonic submanifolds and mapsIncludes detailed proofs of most important results and the relations among various directions in the study of the subjectIt is useful to researchers who have been working on the subject or the related topics as well as to graduate students or new researchers who have an interest in studying the subject and the related topics since the book also provides basic knowledge and tools used in the study of biharmonic maps and submanifolds
Progress In Advanced Dielectrics
Dielectrics is becoming increasingly important due to the rapid developments in electronics, optoelectronics, photonics and nanotechnology. In the past two decades, research on advanced dielectric materials and related applications has undergone an accelerated growth, due in larger part to the discovery of the superior piezoelectric properties in relaxor single crystals, the development of the lead-free piezoelectric/ferroelectric materials and the renaissance of the multiferroics. This book contains 9 feature articles which, together, provide a comprehensive account on the current state of advanced dielectrics and related phenomena. The first two articles present fundamental knowledge related to the characterization of ferroelectric hysteresis, which is the most widely used method to learn the ferroelectricity experimentally. The latest research progress in relaxor ferroelectric is given in the next two articles. The last five articles are dedicated to the multi-functionality of advanced dielectrics, with emphasis on multiferroic magnetoelectric composites, lead-free piezoceramics, pyroelectric/electrocaloric materials, polymer-based dielectrics, and flexible nanodielectrics. Contents: The Contribution of Electrical Conductivity, Dielectric Permittivity and Domain Switching in Ferroelectric Hysteresis Loops (Haixue Yan, Fawad Inam, Giuseppe Viola, Huanpo Ning, Hongtao Zhang, Qinghui Jiang, Tao Zeng, Zhipeng Gao and Mike J Reece) Decoding the Fingerprint of Ferroelectric Loops: Comprehension of the Material Properties and Structures (Li Jin, Fei Li and Shujun Zhang) Recent Progress in Relaxor Ferroelectrics with Perovskite Structure (A A Bokov and Z-G Ye) Relaxor Ferroelectrics: Cluster Glass Ground State via Random Fields and Random Bonds (Wolfgang Kleemann) Multiferroic Magnetoelectric Composites: Historical Perspective, Status, and Future Directions (Ce-Wen Nan, M I Bichurin, Shuxiang Dong, D Viehland and G Srinivasan) Lead-free Piezoelectric Ceramics: Alternatives for PZT? (Thomas R Shrout and Shujun J Zhang) Pyroelectric and Electrocaloric Materials (Xinyu Li, Sheng-Guo Lu, Xiang-Zhong Chen, Haiming Gu, Xiao-shi Qian and Q M Zhang) Development of Polymer-based 0–3 Composites with High Dielectric Constant (Lin Zhang and Z-Y Cheng) Flexible Nanodielectric Materials with High Permittivity for Power Energy Storage (Zhi-Min Dang, Jin-Kai Yuan, Sheng-Hong Yao and Rui-Jin Liao) Readership: Undergraduate and graduate students or professionals interested in condensed matter physics and materials science.Dielectrics;Ferroelectrics;Piezoelectrics;Multiferroics0 Key Features: Written by prestigious experts in advanced dielectricsComprehensive review articles with high citationLatest review articles focusing on the hottest research spots in advanced dielectrics
Metropolitan Circles Development And The Future Of Urbanization
This book discusses lessons and challenges of metropolitan circles development and urbanization in Asia, Europe, North America, Latin America and Africa. The book examines the effects of local governance systems, central-local relations, and administrative borders on metropolitan area development. It surveys economic, social and environmental issues, with an emphasis on how interconnectivity, circular economy, and climate issues should be integrated into megaregion development planning. The chapters are selected papers from the international conference on metropolitan circles development and urbanization jointly held by the Institute of Public Policy (IPP) at the South China University of Technology and UNESCO in 2018. Contributors from the US, the UK, Japan, France, Singapore, Indonesia, Mexico, Tanzania present their questions, observations, and analyses in a narrative and descriptive style which appeal to a wide range of audience. Contents: About the EditorsIntroduction (Hans d'Orville) Governance Structure: Thriving Tokyo and Declining Osaka: The Role of the Local Governance System (Yoshihisa Godo) How Wide is the Hudson River? The Effect of the State Border on the New York–New Jersey Metropolitan Region (Brendan O'Flaherty) Metropolitan Circles: Experience from the UK (Cliff Hague) Planning Mega-Regions in China and India (Xuefei Ren) Urban Economy and Sustainability: Land Redevelopment and the Built Environment in Third-Wave Cities: Review and Synthesis (Allen J Scott) Circular Economy and Metropolitan Circles in Europe — Case Study: Amsterdam (Mehri Madarshahi) Current Conditions and Future Drivers of Mega-City Regions in the US, Focusing on the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area (Hilda Blanco) Linking the European SUMP Method to Strasbourg and Paris Metropolitan Circle Scenarios (Cristiana Mazzoni and Andreea Grigorovschi) Emerging Metropolitan Circles and Urbanization: Two Faces of Mega-Urban Region Formation in South Korea (Yu-Min Joo) The Growing Megapolis Jakarta: Urbanization, Cities-Integration, and Future Issues (Gumilar Rusliwa Somantri) Mexico: Metropolitan Circles Development, Interactive Cities, and Future of Urbanization (Clemente Ruiz Durán) Urbanization in Africa: Commonalities and Departures (Humphrey P B Moshi) Index Readership: Academics, policymakers, graduate and undergraduate students interested in urbanization and metropolitan circles.Metropolitan Circles;Megaregion;Urbanization;Circular Economy;Megacity;Borderline Effect;Sustainability;Land Redevelopment;Built Environment;Agglomeration;Connectivity00
Set Theory And Foundations Of Mathematics: An Introduction To Mathematical Logic - Volume I: Set Theory
This book provides an introduction to axiomatic set theory and descriptive set theory. It is written for the upper level undergraduate or beginning graduate students to help them prepare for advanced study in set theory and mathematical logic as well as other areas of mathematics, such as analysis, topology, and algebra. The book is designed as a flexible and accessible text for a one-semester introductory course in set theory, where the existing alternatives may be more demanding or specialized. Readers will learn the universally accepted basis of the field, with several popular topics added as an option. Pointers to more advanced study are scattered throughout the text. Contents: IntroductionReview of Sets and LogicZermelo–Fraenkel Set TheoryNatural Numbers and Countable SetsOrdinal Numbers and the TransfiniteCardinality and the Axiom of ChoiceReal NumbersModels of Set TheoryRamsey Theory Readership: Upper level undergraduate or beginning graduate students interested in set theory and mathematical logic. Axioms;Ordinals;Cardinals;Countable;Uncountable;Descriptive Set Theory;Borel Sets0 Key Features: An introduction to Ramsey TheoryA discussion of the models of fragments of ZF Set TheoryDetailed presentation of transfinite recursion and induction with examples including ordinal arithmeticThe authors are leading researchers in set theory and mathematical logic
Полумистические истории
Это истории, в которых герои сталкиваются в повседневной жизни с явлениями, не объяснимыми с обывательской точки зрения, но, тем не менее, окружающими нас и влияющими на нашу жизнь. Содержит нецензурную брань.
Напряжение
Насколько далеко можно зайти в своих стараниях осуществить мечту? И что может произойти, если достигнуть своего предела? Перед вами совершенно обыкновенная история о попытке человека вырваться из душной обыденности и построить «хорошую жизнь». Главная героиня покидает свой родной город и переезжает в столицу. В надежде воплотить свои фантазии в реальность, она терпит изнурительную работу, издевательства, болезненное самочувствие и постоянную усталость. Все становится только хуже, когда ее начинает преследовать странная девочка.
Исход
Поэма "Исход" повествует о трагическом отступлении белой армии в Крым и эвакуации. В произведении раскрывается трагизм противостояния белых и красных и дается оценка происходившему. Автор пытается понять причины произошедшего и предостеречь наше поколение от ошибок того времени.